GENERAL HYPOTHESIS OF SPECIES-DIVERSITY
GENERAL HYPOTHESIS OF SPECIES-DIVERSITY
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DOI：
10.1086/283366
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发表时间：
1979-01-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
HUSTON, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
HUSTON, M
一个新的假设，在竞争物种的种群接近竞争平衡（减少或排除某些物种）的速度的差异的基础上，提出了解释物种多样性的模式。该假说假设大多数社区存在于一种非平衡状态，其中竞争平衡被周期性的人口减少和环境波动所阻止。当竞争平衡被阻止时，竞争位移的速率和种群减少的频率之间可以建立动态平衡，这导致稳定的多样性水平。在不经常减少的条件下，竞争者种群增长率的增加通常会导致多样性的减少。该模型阐明了多样性变化的基本模式，并指出了以前假设的共同点。它并没有论证竞争、捕食或生产力控制着多样性，而是证明了所有这些都可能有助于相同的基本机制。这样做，它不仅解释了其他假说与多样性模式的相关性，而且还解释了这些假说无法解释的例外情况。这一假设可以适用于纬度梯度和特定区域内的多样性变化。
A new hypothesis, based on differences in the rates at which populations of competing species approach competitive equilibrium (reduction or exclusion of some species), is proposed to explain patterns of species diversity. The hypothesis assumes that most communities exist in a state of nonequilibrium where competitive equilibrium is prevented by periodic population reductions and environmental fluctuations. When competitive equilibrium is prevented, a dynamic balance may be established between the rate of competitive displacement and the frequency of population reduction, which results in a stable level of diversity. Under conditions of infrequent reductions, an increase in the population growth rates of competitors generally results in decreased diversity. This model clarifies an underlying pattern of variation in diversity and points out the common elements of previous hypotheses. Rather than arguing that either competition, predation, or productivity control diversity, it demonstrates that all of these may contribute to the same basic mechanism. In doing so, it not only explains the correlations of the other hypotheses with patterns of diversity, but also explains the exceptions that these hypotheses could not explain. This hypothesis may be applied to variations of diversity both on a latitudinal gradient and within specific regions.