The molecular neurobiology of the acetylcholine receptor.
The molecular neurobiology of the acetylcholine receptor.
复制标题
乙酰胆碱受体的分子神经生物学。
DOI：
10.1146/annurev.ne.09.030186.002123
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发表时间：
1986
影响因子：
13.9
通讯作者：
Stroud,RM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McCarthy,MP;Earnest,JP;Young,EF;Choe,S;Stroud,RM
乙酰胆碱受体（AChR）是神经肌肉转导过程中最彻底表征的组分。总结AChR结构和生化特征的早期综述包括Popot & Changeux（1984）、Stroud（1983）、Conti-Tronconi & Raftery（1982）和Karlin（1980）。该受体将神经递质乙酰胆碱（ACh）的结合转化为终板膜对阳离子通道的渗透性的快速增加和随后的降低。离子通过通道的内流是被动的，由跨含受体膜的电化学梯度驱动。其生理效应是暂时性地解除终板，这是一种反应，在神经肌肉接头的情况下转化为肌肉收缩，或者在电鳐（一种海洋板鳃类动物）或电鳐（一种淡水硬骨鱼）的电器官的堆叠不对称细胞中增强电组织。从电组织中获得乙酰胆碱受体是分子表征的基本关键。四种鉴定的多肽的亚基化学计量已明确确定为Ct 2f 1），6，并且分子的漏斗形状已就离子通道的位置进行了充分表征。蛋白质相对于磷脂双层的分布和离子通道周围准五聚体结构中亚基排列的某些方面也已建立。组成细胞的四个亚基的基因
The acetylcholine receptor (AChR) is the most thoroughly characterized component of the neuromuscular transduction process. Earlier reviews that summarize the structural and biochemical features of the AChR include Popot & Changeux (1984), Stroud (1983), Conti-Tronconi & Raftery (1982), and Karlin (1980). This receptor translates the binding of the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine (ACh), into a rapid increase and subsequent decrease in the permeability of the endplate membrane to the passage of cations.. Inward flux of ions through the channel is passive, driven by electrochemical gradients across the receptor-containing membrane. The physiological effect is to temporarily depolarize the endplate, a response that is translated into muscular contraction in the case of a neuromuscular junction, or potentiation of electric tissue in the stacked asymmetric cells of electric organs in Torpedo (a marine elasmobranch) or Electrophorus (a freshwater teleost). The availability of aeetylcholine receptors from electric tissue was a fundamental key to molecular characterization. The subunit stoichiometry of the four identified polypeptides has been unequivocally established as ct2fl), 6, and the funnel shape of the molecule has been well characterized with respect to position of the ion channel. Distribution of protein relative to the phospholipid bilayer and some aspects of the subunit arrangements in a quasipentameric structure around the ion channel have also been established. The genes for the four subunits that constitute the