THE CHARACTERIZATION AND MODELING OF ANTIPREDATOR DEFENSIVE BEHAVIOR
THE CHARACTERIZATION AND MODELING OF ANTIPREDATOR DEFENSIVE BEHAVIOR
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DOI：
10.1016/s0149-7634(05)80069-7
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发表时间：
1990-12-01
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
WEISS, SM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BLANCHARD, RJ;BLANCHARD, DC;WEISS, SM
哺乳动物的反捕食者行为防御系统的特征是对当前的、可定位的威胁刺激的反应。对捕食者特征与环境之间的关系以及特定防御行为的分析表明，后者可以高度准确地预测。当生活在洞穴系统中的老鼠面对洞穴外的捕食者时，可以看到一组不同的防御行为。逃回洞穴和在洞穴内静止不动之后，会主动调查看到猫的表面（风险评估），所有这些都伴随着对非防御性行为的抑制，如吃、喝、性行为和攻击。在此背景下描述了另外两种行为，在洞穴系统内动物以高初始速率（50%时间）发出的超声波叫声，在捕食者暴露后1-2小时内下降，并且当受试者返回地面并开始进食时，进食模式会发生特定的改变。进食周期缩短了，连续进食的次数减少了，其间穿插着对环境的扫描，这是一种以前在实地研究中报道过的警惕活动。这种对广泛防御行为的分析被用于开发测试电池，提供这些现象的简化模型。
The mammalian behavioral antipredator defense systems have been characterized in terms of reactions to present, localizable, threat stimuli: Analysis of the relationship between features of the predator and the environment, and specific defensive behaviors indicates that the latter can be predicted with a high degree of accuracy. A different set of defensive behaviors are seen when rats living in burrow systems are confronted by a predator outside the burrow. Flight to the burrow and immobility inside the burrow are followed by active investigation of the surface where the cat was seen (risk assessment), with all of these accompanied by inhibition of nondefensive behaviors such as eating, drinking, sexual behavior and aggression. Two additional behaviors are described in this context, ultrasonic cries made at a high initial rate (50% time) by animals inside the burrow systems, and declining over 1–2 hours following predator exposure, and, a specific modification of eating patterns when the subjects return to the surface and begin to eat. Eating bouts are shortened, with fewer episodes of continuous eating, interspersed with intervals of scanning of the environment, a vigilance activity previously reported in field research. This analysis of a broad spectrum of defensive behaviors is being used to develop test batteries providing simplified models of these phenomena.