Antigen requirements, sensitivity, and specificity of enzyme immunoassays for measles and rubella viral antibodies
Antigen requirements, sensitivity, and specificity of enzyme immunoassays for measles and rubella viral antibodies
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麻疹和风疹病毒抗体酶联免疫分析的抗原要求、灵敏度和特异性
DOI：
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发表时间：
1979
影响因子：
9.4
通讯作者：
N. Schmidt
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
B. Forghani;N. Schmidt
对麻疹病毒和风疹病毒的酶免疫分析(EIA)体系进行了研究，从对合适的病毒抗原和对照抗原的要求，以及检测既往感染引起的抗体(免疫状态的确定)和当前网络感染的血清学诊断的敏感性和特异性等方面进行了研究。粗制和半纯化的麻疹病毒抗原可用于EIA，但来自感染细胞培养液的丸状病毒抗原的反应性略高于来自感染细胞裂解物的抗原。然而，可靠的风疹EIA抗原只能从感染的细胞培养液中产生，它们需要密度梯度纯化才能使其具有适当的特异性。即使对于梯度纯化的风疹抗原，也有必要使用从未感染的细胞培养液中以相同方式制备的抗原作为与测试血清反应的特异性的对照。有了合适的病毒抗原和对照抗原，麻疹和风疹EIA系统对免疫状态的确定和当前感染的血清诊断都具有高度的敏感性和特异性。在感染过程中，EIA比血凝抑制或补体结合试验更早检测到抗体，但这并不限制该试验的诊断价值，因为EIA可证明的滴度增加通常大于血凝抑制或补体结合试验可检测到的滴度。
Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) systems for measles virus and rubella virus were studied from the standpoints of requirements for suitable viral antigens and control antigens, and the sensitivity and specificity of the tests for detecting antibody elicited by past infection (determination of immunity status), and for serodiagnosis of currenet infections. Crude or semipurified measles virus antigens were satisfactory for EIA, but antigens derived by pelleting virus from infected cell culture fluids were slightly more specific in their reactivity than were antigens produced from lysates of infected cells. However, reliable rubella EIA antigens could be produced only from infected cell culture fluids, and they required density gradient purification to render them suitably specific. Even with gradient-purified rubella antigens, it was necessary to use antigen prepared in an identical fashion from uninfected cell culture fluids as a control on the specificity of reactions obtained with test sera. With appropriate viral antigens and control antigens, both measles and rubella EIA systems were highly sensitive and specific for determination of immunity status and for serodiagnosis of current infections. Antibody was detectable earlier in the course of infection by EIA than by hemagglutination inhibition or complement fixation, but this did not limit the diagnostic value of the test, since titer increases demonstrable by EIA were usually greater than those detectable by hemagglutination inhibition or complement fixation tests.