Community organizations and mental health after the 2013 Boston Marathon bombings
Community organizations and mental health after the 2013 Boston Marathon bombings
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DOI：
10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.08.019
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发表时间：
2019-02-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Silver, Roxane Cohen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jose, Rupa;Holman, E. Alison;Silver, Roxane Cohen
目标：灾难是基于地点的创伤事件，但当代对灾难恢复的理解往往不考虑社区组织的作用。我们在 2013 年波士顿马拉松爆炸事件后的一项纵向研究中检查了与灾后心理健康相关的组织类型和邻近性。方法：在爆炸发生后的几周内，通过基于概率的抽样策略招募了波士顿大都市的居民 (N = 846)，并在两年内进行了多次调查。由于社区人口统计、地理和灾难历史的相似性，纽约大都市的居民（N = 941）被同时招募和调查，并用于比较。我们确定了居民附近六种不同的组织类型：安全组织、宗教组织、教育组织、儿童和家庭促进组织、健康组织和志愿社区组织。由于可能对环境造成损害（人群和噪音）或组织的好处在最靠近居民的区域放大，因此在不同的基于距离的边界上检查了这些当地组织类型的集中度。这两个社区的背景数据均来自美国人口普查、Google Places API 和 Guidestar。 结果：对于波士顿大都市区的居民来说，爆炸发生后半英里到一英里范围内有更多安全组织，与六到七个月后的功能较差以及两年后更大的心理困扰有关。然而，在一到三英里区域存在更多以安全为基础的组织与两年后心理困扰的减少有关。半英里至一英里区域内更多以健康为基础的志愿社区组织也与爆炸后两年对未来逆境的恐惧和担忧减少有关。爆炸和其他社区创伤的经历缓和了波士顿地区参与者之间的这种关系。结论：结果表明，当地社区组织不仅仅是建筑物或构筑物，而且是为灾后需要帮助的人提供支持的生态来源。
Objective: Disasters are place-based traumatic events, yet contemporary understandings of disaster recovery often do not consider the role of community organizations. We examine organization type and proximity as they relate to post-disaster mental health in a longitudinal study following the 2013 Boston Marathon bombings.Method: Residents of metropolitan Boston (N = 846) were recruited via a probability-based sampling strategy within weeks of the bombings and were surveyed several times over a two-year period. Residents of metropolitan New York (N = 941) were recruited and surveyed at the same time and used for comparison due to similarities in community demographics, geography, and disaster histories. We identified six different organization types nearby resident: safety-based organizations, religious organizations, educational organizations, child- and family-promoting organizations, health-based organizations, and voluntary community organizations. With possible environmental detriments (crowds and noise) or benefits of organizations amplified in areas closest to the resident, the concentration of these local organization types was examined at different distance-based boundaries. Contextual data for both communities came from the U.S. Census, Google Places API, and Guidestar.Results: For Boston metropolitan area residents, having more safety-based organizations within a half-mile to one-mile area in the aftermath of the bombings was associated with poorer functioning six to seven months later and greater psychological distress two years later. However, the presence of more safety-based organizations in the one to three mile area was associated with decreased psychological distress two years later. More health-based and voluntary community organizations in the half-mile to one-mile area were also associated with fewer fears and worries about future adversity two years post-bombing. Exposure to the bombings and other community traumas moderated this relationship among Boston area participants.Conclusion: Results suggest that local community organizations are not merely buildings or structures but ecological sources of support to those in need after a disaster.