Fluvial environmental contexts for archaeological sites in the Upper Khabur basin (northeastern Syria)
Fluvial environmental contexts for archaeological sites in the Upper Khabur basin (northeastern Syria)
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上哈布尔盆地（叙利亚东北部）考古遗址的河流环境背景
DOI：
10.1016/j.yqres.2006.11.005
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发表时间：
2007
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
S. Riehl
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Deckers;S. Riehl
今天，上哈布尔河的东部支流在夏季干涸，景观中没有树木。当我们试图在其以前的环境背景下理解考古遗址时，这种情况是误导性的。对Wadi Jaghjagh的一个序列进行的跨学科地貌学、考古植物学和介形类研究表明，在公元前第4千年中期至第3千年中期，出现了相对稳定的常年流速。在公元前4世纪中期，沿着沿着Jaghjagh河发现了画廊森林和沼泽带的证据。橡树园林地在公元前3千纪就存在于该地区，可能至少在公元3世纪就存在。公元前2500年后不久，Jaghjagh河的流速可能下降，或者河床改变了位置。后来的沉积物，可能可以追溯到公元前世纪，表明类似的，相当稳定的流动Jaghjagh。最近，关于CA。公元900年或之后，发生了类似山洪暴发的情况，这可能与森林砍伐有关。汉济尔河谷的沉积物档案反映了这条河流的间歇性状态，就像今天一样，山洪暴发的证据可以追溯到全新世的上半期，可能可以追溯到公元400年或更晚。沿着贾拉河，表土在公元前1300年到公元前600年之间的某个时候被侵蚀并被干河谷重新沉积。这可能是由于公元前800年左右该地区的密集移民计划造成的。大约在公元前600年到公元前300年之间，平原上沉积了1.5米厚的粘土。
Today the eastern tributaries of the Upper Khabur run dry during the summer and the landscape is devoid of trees. This picture is misleading when we try to understand archaeological sites within their former environmental context. Interdisciplinary geomorphological, archaeobotanical and ostracod research on a sequence from the Wadi Jaghjagh indicates that relatively stable, perennial flow velocities occurred during the mid 4th to mid-3rd millennium BC. Evidence was found for a gallery forest and swamp belt along the Jaghjagh during the mid-4th millennium BC. Oak park woodland was present within the region in the 3rd millennium BC and probably up to at least the 3rd century AD. Shortly after 2500 BC, Jaghjagh stream velocities probably decreased or the stream bed had changed its location. Later deposits, possibly dating to the 5th century BC, indicate similar, rather stable flow of the Jaghjagh. More recently however, about ca. AD 900 or afterwards, a flashflood-like regime occurred, which may relate to deforestation. The Wadi Khanzir sediment archives reflect the flashy intermittent regime of this stream, like it still is today, with flashflood evidence dating to the first half of the Holocene and probably dating to approximately AD 400 or later. Along the Jarrah, topsoil was eroded and redeposited by the wadi sometime between 1300 and 600 BC. This may have been caused by the intensive resettlement program of this region around 800 BC. Between about 600 and 300 BC 1.5 m of clay was deposited on the plain.