Field measurements and numerical modeling for the run-up heights and inundation distances of the 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami at Sendai Plain, Japan

Field measurements and numerical modeling for the run-up heights and inundation distances of the 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami at Sendai Plain, Japan
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2011 年日本仙台平原东北冲海啸的上升高度和淹没距离的现场测量和数值模拟

DOI:
10.5047/eps.2012.02.007
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发表时间:
2012
期刊:
Earth, Planets and Space
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
T. Haraguchi
T. Haraguchi
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
K. Goto;K. Fujima;D. Sugawara;S. Fujino;K. Imai;Ryouta Tsudaka;Tomoya Abe;T. Haraguchi

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我们在仙台平原进行了紧急实地调查,以测量2011年东北冲海啸的上升高度和淹没距离。我们使用GPS测量,因为非常长的淹没距离(约。5.4公里)。我们利用远电参考点(约350公里)建立了精确的测量方案。使用这种方法,我们在3天内快速测量了69个助跑高度。海啸上升高度和淹没距离主要根据当地地形而变化,分别从0.4公里处的9.6米到5.4公里处的0.2米不等。此外,人工构造和地形在限制淹没极限方面起着重要作用。我们的观察是重要的,未来的分析,使用航空和卫星图像和数值模拟在该地区,因为最大的淹没面积可能被低估的图像,由于海啸淹没的细微痕迹,这是很难确定的领域。然而,结果表明,数值模拟可能无法重现轻微的洪水超出了高速公路没有足够高分辨率的地形数据,因为数据的建模通常是粗糙的,和高速公路,小渠道,街道排水沟,其中发挥了重要作用,在当地的洪水,是太小的分辨率被识别的模型。
We conducted an urgent field survey at the Sendai Plain to measure the run-up heights and inundation distances of the 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami. We used GPS measurements because of the remarkably long inundation distances (ca. 5.4 km). We established an accurate measurement scheme using the far electric reference points (about 350 km). Using this method, we quickly measured 69 run-up heights within 3 days. The tsunami run-up heights and inundation distances varied mainly according to the local topography, ranging from 9.6 m at 0.4 km to 0.2 m at 5.4 km, respectively. Furthermore, artificial structures and topography played an important role in constraining the inundation limit. Our observations are important for future analyses using aerial and satellite imagery and numerical modeling in the area because the maximum inundation area might be underestimated in the images as a result of the subtle traces of the tsunami inundation, which were difficult to identify in the field. However, results show that numerical modeling might not reproduce minor inundation beyond the highway without sufficiently high-resolution topographic data because data for the modeling are usually rough, and the highway, small channels, and street gutters, which played an important role in local inundation, are too small a resolution to be recognized in the model.
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影响因子: 5.2
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