Burning-rate predictor for multi-ingredient propellants: Nitrate-ester propellants
Burning-rate predictor for multi-ingredient propellants: Nitrate-ester propellants
复制标题
多成分推进剂的燃烧速率预测器：硝酸酯推进剂
DOI：
10.2514/1.10386
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发表时间：
2004
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
W. Anderson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Martin S. Miller;W. Anderson
从推进剂的组分中预测真实的推进剂燃速的理论能力将对配制新的推进剂提供宝贵的帮助。尽管在过去十年中，在极少数简单的成分上取得了进展，如环三亚甲基三硝胺（RDX）和一些简单的二元混合物，但今天还不存在这种普遍的能力。这个缺点不是由于计算资源不足，而是由于缺乏对典型推进剂成分及其混合物的凝聚相和表面/气体界面中的基本燃烧机理的理解。这一难题在今后一段时间内可能仍然难以解决。它表明，我们以前发表的半经验形式主义的单一成分可以成功地扩展到治疗多成分推进剂。特别是，研究仅限于硝酸酯推进剂（使用M10，M2，M9和JA 2作为示例）。然而，该方法也应该适用于其他种类的均质推进剂，甚至复合推进剂，其中在表面熔融层中混合成分或足够小的颗粒尺寸消除了多维特征。该方法处理的气相过程的水平上的基元反应和多组分运输。一个半经验的热解法加上知情的估计的冷凝相的分解产物，使我们能够巧妙的缺乏知识的详细过程中发生的冷凝相和燃烧表面。基于这种方法的计算机程序CYCLOPS的计算结果表明，对四种美国陆军火炮发射药的燃速和火焰结构都有很好的预测。
The theoretical capability to predict the burning rate of real propellants from their ingredients would be an invaluable aid to formulating new propellants. Despite progress over the last decade on a very few simple ingredients, such as cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX), and a few simple binary mixtures, no general capability of this sort exists today. This shortcoming is not due to insufficient computational resources, but to a lack of understanding of fundamental combustion mechanisms in the condensed phase and surface/gas interface for typical propellant ingredients and their mixtures. This difficult problem is likely to remain intractable for some time to come. It is demonstrated that our previously published semi-empirical formalism for single ingredients can be successfully extended to treat multi-ingredient propellants. In particular, the study is confined to nitrate‐ester propellants (using M10, M2, M9, and JA2 as examples). However, the method should also be applicable to other classes of homogeneous propellants and even composite propellants where mixing of ingredients in a surface melt layer or sufficiently small particle sizes remove the multidimensional character. The method treats the gas-phase processes on the level of elementary reactions and multicomponent transport. A semi-empirical pyrolysis law coupled with informed estimates of the decomposition products of the condensed phase enables us to finesse the absence of knowledge of the detailed processes occurring in the condensed phase and at the burning surface. Results of a computer code, CYCLOPS, based on this approach, show that both the burning rate and flame structure are well predicted for a series of four U.S. Army gun propellants.