Constructing captive ecology at the aquarium: Hierarchy, care, violence, and the limits of control
Constructing captive ecology at the aquarium: Hierarchy, care, violence, and the limits of control
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构建水族馆圈养生态：等级制度、关怀、暴力和控制限度
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发表时间：
2021
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通讯作者：
Mollie Holmberg
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作者：
Mollie Holmberg
在生态危机加剧的时代，动物园和水族馆的圈养护理越来越多地在试图恢复地球上迅速消失的物种和生态系统方面发挥着核心和有争议的作用。在这里，我用温哥华水族馆的巨型太平洋章鱼（Enteroctopus dofleini）展览来考察加拿大一家著名机构的捕获和圈养护理实践。当我追踪章鱼是如何来到水族馆的，以及人们是如何在这种环境中保持它们的生存和健康的，我研究了暴力和统治与护理实践相互作用的复杂方式。在这个分析中，以章鱼和它们的物质关系为中心，使我能够将日常护理实践与支持圈养生态的管理和提取系统联系起来，并产生护理中使用的类别。通过这个调查，我发现牧灵力量在温哥华水族馆组织关怀实践，并在这个空间中维持以人类为中心的秩序。这里的缓慢暴力源于生命关系的不完美替代，而这种伤害的本质是由不同生物与人类中心秩序的关系所塑造的。等级分类结构了这里的护理实践，当旨在保持动物健康的护理失败时，缓慢的暴力往往会变得严重。难以捉摸是章鱼在这种以人类为中心的权力结构中如何混淆了解和照顾它们的尝试的最好特征。我提供的理论视角和语言试图描述人类中心权力破裂的时刻，而不是将动物濒危浪漫化为解放，或者（相反地）接受圈养的伤害只有在照顾得到改善时才能减少的逻辑。通过这件作品，我展示了在危机中嵌入不同生活方式和与生态他人联系的暴力和可能性。
In a time of accelerating ecological crises, captive care performed by zoos and aquariums increasingly plays a central and controversial role in attempts to resuscitate species and ecosystems rapidly disappearing from the planet. Here I use the Giant Pacific octopus (Enteroctopus dofleini) exhibit at the Vancouver Aquarium to examine practices involved in capture and captive care at a prominent Canadian institution. As I trace how octopuses come to the Aquarium and how people work to keep them alive and healthy in this environment, I examine the complex ways violence and domination interact with care practices. Centering octopuses and their material relations in this analysis thus allows me to connect everyday care practices to systems of governance and extraction that support captive ecologies and also generate the categories used in care. Through this investigation, I find that pastoral power organizes care practices at the Vancouver Aquarium and maintains anthropocentric order in this space. Slow violence here results from the imperfect replacement of lifegiving relations, and the nature of this harm is shaped by different beings’ relationships to anthropocentric order. Hierarchical categorizations structure care practices here, and when care directed at keeping animals healthy fails, slow violence often becomes acute. Elusiveness best characterizes how octopuses confound attempts to know and care for them within this anthropocentric power structure. The theoretical lens and language I offer seeks to describe moments of rupture in anthropocentric power without romanticizing animal endangerment as liberation or (conversely) accepting the logic that harm in captivity can only diminish if care improves. Through this work, I showcase both the violence and possibilities embedded in different ways of living and relating with ecological others amidst crisis.