Occurrence of mineralization disturbances in nacreous layers of cultivated pearls produced by Pinctada margaritifera var cumingi from French Polynesia. Comparison with reported shell alterations
Occurrence of mineralization disturbances in nacreous layers of cultivated pearls produced by Pinctada margaritifera var cumingi from French Polynesia. Comparison with reported shell alterations
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DOI：
10.1051/alr:1996022
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发表时间：
1996-01-01
影响因子：
1.1
通讯作者：
Dauphin, Y
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cuif, JP;Dauphin, Y
过去十年，“黑珍珠”产量大幅增加，现已成为法属波利尼西亚领土最重要的收入来源。这一产业是以培育和嫁接“黑唇”珍珠牡蛎为基础的。从波利尼西亚东南部的冈比亚群岛到西部的社会群岛，最重要的生产中心都集中在图阿莫图。在波利尼西亚，第一次珍珠嫁接实验是在1962年(Rambaud，1990)进行的，由于认识到所产生的珍珠中出现的各种颜色的纯天然特征(这些颜色最初被认为是人造的)，波利尼西亚的产品在国际珍珠市场上获得了显著的地位。除了官方商业化产品的全球质量(形状、大小、珍珠层的厚度，因为培养时间长)，对稀有和非常吸引人的细微差别的兴趣使一些标本在高价珠宝产品中排名第一。因此，珍珠养殖点的数量迅速增加，主要是基于有时只有一个家庭的活动。然而，其中一些已经达到了工业化的规模和组织。大约十年前，与澳大利亚的类似观察结果(Dybdahl和Pass，1985)同时报告了通常与养殖牡蛎壳形成的扰动有关的大规模死亡。面对该病的不断蔓延和愈演愈烈的程度，组织了协调研究项目。在本研究方案中，观察了玛格氏对虾贝壳受扰部分的显微结构和生化成分(Dauphin和Denis，1987；Dauphin和Cuif，1990；Marin和Dauphin，1992)。
Considerably increased during the last decade, production of" black pearls" is now the most important source of income in French Polynesian Territory. This industry is based on cultivation and grafting of the" black lip" pearl oysters, Pinctada margaritifera var. cumingi, which is used in the entire area: from Gambiers archipelago, in south-eastern part of Polynesia, to Society Islands (îles Sous-le-Vent), in the western part, the most important production centres being concentrated in Tuamotu. In Polynesia, the first pearl-grafting experiments were camed out during 1962 (Rambaud, 1990), and since recognition of the purely natural character of various colours that occur in the resulting pearls (these colours were originally thought to be artificial), the Polynesian products have acquired a remarkable position on the international pearl market. In addition to the global quality of the officially commercialized products (shapes, sizes, thickness of nacreous layer due to a long cultivation time), interest for the rare and very attractive nuances that can occur allows some specimens to reach the first rank among high priced jewellery products. The number of pearlfarming settlements therefore rapidly increased, mostly based on the activity of sometimes only one family. A few of them, however, have reached industrial size and organization.First occurrence of mass mortality generally associated with perturbation of shell formation in cultivated oysters were reported about a decade ago, in parallel with similar observations made in Australia (Dybdahl and Pass, 1985). Facing the continuous spreading of this pathology and its increasing intensity, coordinated research projects were organized. During this research programme, observations were carried out on microstructure and biochemical composition of disturbed parts of the P. margaritifera shells (Dauphin and Denis, 1987; Dauphin and Cuif, 1990; Marin and Dauphin, 1992).