CONCH FRITTERS THROUGH TIME: HUMAN PREDATION AND POPULATION DEMOGRAPHICS OF LOBATUS GIGAS ON SAN SALVADOR ISLAND, THE BAHAMAS
CONCH FRITTERS THROUGH TIME: HUMAN PREDATION AND POPULATION DEMOGRAPHICS OF LOBATUS GIGAS ON SAN SALVADOR ISLAND, THE BAHAMAS
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DOI：
10.2110/palo.2018.054
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发表时间：
2019-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Huntley, John Warren
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ruga, Mikaela R.;Meyer, David L.;Huntley, John Warren
海螺皇后Lobatus gigas是加勒比海菜肴的核心组成部分，但过度捕捞幼螺已经威胁到野生种群的稳定。在达到性成熟后，腹足类动物停止沿壳长轴生长，并通过张开和加厚的壳唇继续生长。这种形态可以作为个体性成熟的有用指标。在这里，我们研究了过去一年的人口统计、大小和收获的L. gigas个体的形态的时间趋势，类似于巴哈马圣萨尔瓦多岛的1天，以量化人为对当地女王海螺渔业造成的压力的动态。我们在7个地点采集了284个人类采集的贝贝个体，测量了7个形态学变量，并将标本分为成虫和幼虫。我们随机选择了64个贝壳进行快速AMS放射性碳测年，以建立三个地质年代箱：卢卡扬（欧洲入侵前，1492年），现代（类似于10(2)y）和全球（类似于10(1)y）。捕捞的幼鱼比例从47%（卢卡扬）到61%（现代）再到68%（全球），这表明随着时间的推移，渔业的压力越来越大。成鱼和幼鱼的体型和形态模式不同，这可能是捕获幼鱼比例增加、随着时间的推移选择较小的幼鱼以及捕捞方法可能发生变化的结果。这种大小选择性捕食并没有像其他研究中发现的那样导致成虫体型的抑制。诸如此类的地质历史数据对于解决人为生态退化问题提供长期生态背景至关重要，也是保护古生物学方法的核心。
Lobatus gigas, the queen conch, is a central component of Caribbean cuisine but over-fishing of juveniles has threatened the stability of wild populations. Strombid gastropods, upon reaching sexual maturity, cease growing along the shell length axis and continue growing in width via a flared and thickened shell lip. This morphology serves as a useful indicator of an individual's sexual maturity. Here we examine temporal trends in population demographics, size, and morphology of harvested L. gigas individuals over the last , similar to 1 ky from San Salvador island, the Bahamas to quantify the dynamics of human-induced stress on the local queen conch fishery. We collected 284 human-harvested individuals from shell middens at seven localities, measured seven morphological variables, and classified the specimens as either adult or juvenile. We randomly selected 64 of these shells for rapid AMS radiocarbon dating in order to establish three geochronological bins: Lucayan (Pre-European invasion, 1492 CE), Modern (similar to 10(2) y), and Global (similar to 10(1) y). The proportion of juveniles harvested increased significantly from 47% (Lucayan) to 61% (Modern) to 68% (Global) suggesting increasing pressure on the fishery through time. Patterns in body size and morphology diverge between adults and juveniles and are likely the result of an increase in the proportion of harvested juveniles, the selection of smaller juveniles through time, and possibly changes in fishing methods. This size selective predation did not result in the suppression of adult body size as found in other studies. Geohistorical data, such as these, are vital for providing long term ecological context for addressing anthropogenic ecological degradation and are central to the conservation paleobiology approach.