The Evolution of Neuroanatomical Substrates of Reproductive Behavior: Sex Steroid and LHRH-Specific Pathways Including the Terminal Nerve
The Evolution of Neuroanatomical Substrates of Reproductive Behavior: Sex Steroid and LHRH-Specific Pathways Including the Terminal Nerve
复制标题
生殖行为的神经解剖学基础的进化：性类固醇和包括终末神经在内的 LHRH 特异性通路
DOI：
10.1093/icb/24.3.809
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发表时间：
1984
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
L. S. Demski
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
L. S. Demski
最近的解剖学方法已经使涉及两种类型的生殖激素，性腺类固醇和肽促黄体激素释放激素（LHRH）的神经行为系统的映射成为可能。脑部位的类固醇摄取检测使用放射自显影; LHRH是本地化的细胞和纤维使用免疫细胞化学程序。已知这两种激素类型都会强烈影响性行为，并且可以合理地假设这些影响在很大程度上是通过使用解剖程序确定的系统介导的。因此，这些系统的比较解剖学分析应提供有用的信息，在建设模型有关的生殖行为的神经激素控制的演变。报告了此类研究的结果。性类固醇和LHRH系统在圆口动物，硬骨鱼，两栖动物，爬行动物，鸟类和哺乳动物被详细考虑。综合这些信息，得出以下想法。雄性激素对雄性生殖系统的控制已经在许多控制雄性生殖行为的非同源运动系统中进化。性类固醇和LHRH系统可能在轴突的几个不同水平相互作用，但最明显的重叠系统发生在隔区和POA区。后者尤其是一个相当恒定的，也许是原始的特征。LHRH分泌到体循环中可能是LHRH调节垂体功能和控制生殖行为的神经系统的最早手段。终末神经似乎是一个相当保守的LHRH含有通路连接嗅觉系统与隔视前核。信息素在性行为控制中的作用。类固醇浓缩细胞和LHRH途径在四足动物中的一般分布似乎是相当恒定的。在新皮质区及其同源物中缺乏这些系统是显而易见的。
Fairly recent anatomical methods have made possible the mapping of neurobehavioral systems involving two types of reproductive hormones, gonadal steroids and the peptide luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH). Brain sites of steroid uptake are detected using autoradiography; LHRH is localized in cells and fibers using immunocytochemical procedures. Both hormone types are known to strongly influence sex behavior and it can reasonably be assumed that these effects are mediated in large part via systems identified using the anatomical procedures. Analysis of the comparative anatomy of these systems should therefore provide information useful in the construction of models concerning the evolution of neurohormonal control of reproductive behavior. The results of such a study are reported. Sex steroid and LHRH systems in cyclostomes, teleosts, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals are considered in detail. A synthesis of this information has led to the following ideas. Androgenic control of male reproductive systems has evolved in a number of nonhomologous motor systems controlling male reproductive behavior. Sex steroid and LHRH systems may interact at several different levels of the neuraxis but the most obvious overlap of the systems occurs in the septal and POA areas. The latter especially is a fairly constant and perhaps primitive feature. LHRH secretion into the systemic circulation was most likely the earliest means for LHRH modulation of both pituitary function and neural systems controlling reproductive behavior.Pathways for more direct delivery of LHRH to pituitary cells and brain nuclei probably developed in the early gnathostomes. The terminal nerve appears to be a rather conservative LHRH-containing pathway connecting olfactory systems with septal-preoptic nuclei. A function in pheromonal control of sex behavior is suggested. The general distribution of steroid concentrating cells and LHRH pathways in tetrapods seems to be rather constant. Absence of the systems in neocortical areas and their homologs is conspicuous.