Shallow Water Seafloor Geodesy With Wave Glider‐Based GNSS‐Acoustic Surveying of a Single Transponder
Shallow Water Seafloor Geodesy With Wave Glider‐Based GNSS‐Acoustic Surveying of a Single Transponder
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DOI：
10.1029/2023ea003043
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发表时间：
2023-10
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Surui Xie;M. Zumberge;Glenn Sasagawa;D. Voytenko
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Surui Xie;M. Zumberge;Glenn Sasagawa;D. Voytenko
由于海水的堵塞，空间大地测量无法直接测量海底位移。全球导航卫星系统与声学测距（GNSS-A）的结合已被用来克服电磁屏障，以便将GNSS确定的海面船只坐标转换为全球参考系中的海底基准。由于成本高和科学性强，以往的GNSS-A研究主要针对相对较深的水域，至少使用三个转发器组成阵列，相当于精密大地测量站。随着无人自主水面舰艇的最新发展，低成本 GNSS-A 调查即将变得实用。在这里，我们证明，通过精心设计的测量轨迹，基于波浪滑翔机的 GNSS-A 对浅水中单个转发器的测量可以提供厘米级的水平海底定位精度，即使声速模型与实际值偏差每秒几米。在~54 m水深进行的为期9个月的实验结果表明，海底水平定位的重复性优于2 cm。当条件允许时，应关于应答器对称地收集声学观测结果，并建议采用数据冗余来减少与声速随时间变化相关的误差。
Due to the blockage of seawater, seafloor displacement cannot be directly measured by space geodesy. The combination of Global Navigation Satellite Systems‐acoustic ranging (GNSS‐A) has been used to overcome the electromagnetic barrier, so that a GNSS‐determined sea surface vessel's coordinates can be transformed to seafloor benchmarks in a global reference frame. Due to the high cost and science priorities, previous GNSS‐A studies mainly targeted relatively deep water and a minimum of three transponders were used to form an array, equivalent to a precision geodetic station. With recent developments in unmanned autonomous surface vessels, low cost GNSS‐A surveys are poised to become practical. Here we demonstrate that with a carefully designed surveying trajectory, Wave Glider‐based GNSS‐A surveying of a single transponder in shallow water can provide centimeter‐level accuracy on horizontal seafloor positioning, even if the sound speed model deviates from the actual value by a few meters per second. Results from a nine‐month experiment conducted at ∼54 m water depth show that the repeatability of the seafloor horizontal positioning is better than 2 cm. When conditions allow, the acoustic observations should be collected symmetrically about the transponder and data redundancies are recommended to reduce the error associated with time‐dependent variations in sound speed.