Comparative endocrinology of aging and longevity regulation.
Comparative endocrinology of aging and longevity regulation.
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DOI：
10.3389/fendo.2011.00075
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发表时间：
2011
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Duan C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Allard JB;Duan C
激素调节多细胞动物的生长、发育、代谢和其他复杂过程。多年来，人们一直认为激素也可能影响衰老过程的速度。衰老是一个多因素的过程，随着时间的推移，它会导致生物系统崩溃并停止在成年生物体中发挥作用，最终导致死亡。衰老过程的确切根本原因仍然是一个争论的话题，人们急切地寻找可能揭示这些原因的线索。在过去的二十年中，已经发现了导致延迟衰老和延长寿命的基因突变，许多受影响的基因是内分泌信号通路的组成部分。在这篇综述中，我们总结了目前的知识内分泌信号在各种动物的衰老和长寿的调节作用。我们开始讨论的概念，保守的系统，包括内分泌信号通路，“调节”老化过程。主要模式生物的发现：蠕虫，苍蝇，啮齿动物，然后概述。独特的经验教训，从研究非传统的模式：蜜蜂，鲑鱼，裸鼹鼠，也进行了讨论。最后，我们总结了人类衰老的内分泌学，包括激素水平随年龄的变化，以及激素在衰老相关疾病中的作用。影响衰老的最充分研究和广泛保守的内分泌途径是胰岛素/胰岛素样生长因子系统。这种途径的基因突变增加了蠕虫、苍蝇和老鼠的寿命。群体遗传学证据也表明这一途径与人类衰老有关。包括类固醇在内的其他激素仅在所研究的一部分模型中与衰老有关。由于比较研究的价值，建议老龄化领域可以受益于采用额外的模式生物。
Hormones regulate growth, development, metabolism, and other complex processes in multicellular animals. For many years it has been suggested that hormones may also influence the rate of the aging process. Aging is a multifactorial process that causes biological systems to break down and cease to function in adult organisms as time passes, eventually leading to death. The exact underlying causes of the aging process remain a topic for debate, and clues that may shed light on these causes are eagerly sought after. In the last two decades, gene mutations that result in delayed aging and extended longevity have been discovered, and many of the affected genes have been components of endocrine signaling pathways. In this review we summarize the current knowledge on the roles of endocrine signaling in the regulation of aging and longevity in various animals. We begin by discussing the notion that conserved systems, including endocrine signaling pathways, “regulate” the aging process. Findings from the major model organisms: worms, flies, and rodents, are then outlined. Unique lessons from studies of non-traditional models: bees, salmon, and naked mole rats, are also discussed. Finally, we summarize the endocrinology of aging in humans, including changes in hormone levels with age, and the involvement of hormones in aging-related diseases. The most well studied and widely conserved endocrine pathway that affects aging is the insulin/insulin-like growth factor system. Mutations in genes of this pathway increase the lifespan of worms, flies, and mice. Population genetic evidence also suggests this pathway’s involvement in human aging. Other hormones including steroids have been linked to aging only in a subset of the models studied. Because of the value of comparative studies, it is suggested that the aging field could benefit from adoption of additional model organisms.