Wetland changes and their responses to climate change in the "Three-River Headwaters" region of China since the 1990s
Wetland changes and their responses to climate change in the "Three-River Headwaters" region of China since the 1990s
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DOI：
10.3390/en7042515
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发表时间：
2014-04
期刊：
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Laga Tong;Xinliang Xu;Ying Fu;Shuang-yue Li
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Laga Tong;Xinliang Xu;Ying Fu;Shuang-yue Li
三江源湿地生态系统在水源涵养、径流调节和生物多样性维持等方面具有不可替代的作用。近年来，气候变化对湿地资源影响的评价引起了人们的极大关注，因为它可以进一步保护湿地资源，并为决策者提供科学依据。利用遥感影像解译和气候变化趋势分析，分析了20世纪90年代初至2012年TRH地区湿地变化及其对气候变化的响应。结果表明，2012年湿地面积占总面积的6.3%，沼泽、河流和湖泊是TRH地区的主要湿地类型。自90年代初以来，湿地发生了很大变化，湿地总面积增加了260.57km2（1.17%）。湖泊、水库、池塘呈持续增加趋势，沼泽、溪流、河流呈持续减少趋势。另一方面，长江流域湿地面积总体呈增加趋势，而黄河、澜沧江流域总体呈减少趋势。气候由暖干转为暖湿。1990 - 2012年，半湿润区和半干旱区的平均气温和降水量分别增加了0.91 °C和101.99 mm，平均湿度指数（HI）增加了0.06，且呈上升趋势，分界线均向西北方向移动。1990 - 2012年湿地变化与气象因子的相关性分析表明，由降水和蒸发量变化引起的区域湿度差异和年际变化趋势是TRH区域湿地变化动态变化的主要驱动因子。总的来说，自20世纪90年代以来，THR地区，特别是西部地区的HI增加，有助于湿地持续增加。研究结论将为TRH地区湿地的管理和保护，特别是退化湿地的恢复、重建和保护提供科学依据。
The wetland ecosystem in the “Three-River Headwaters” (TRH) region plays an irreplaceable role in water source conservation, run-off adjustment and biodiversity maintenance. In recent years, assessment of wetland resources affected by climate changes has aroused enormous attention, since it can further protect wetland resources and provide a scientific basis for decision makers. In this study, wetland changes and its response to climate changes in the TRH region from the early 1990s to 2012 were analyzed by remote sensing (RS) image interpretation and climate change trend analysis. The results showed that wetlands occupied 6.3% of the total land area in 2012, and swamps, streams & rivers and lakes were the dominant wetland types in the TRH region. Since the early 1990s, wetlands have undergone great changes, and total wetland area increased by 260.57 km 2 (1.17%). Lakes, reservoir & ponds took on continuous increasing trend, but swamps, streams & rivers had a continuous decreasing trend. On the other hand, the wetland area in the Yangtze River basin showed an overall increasing trend, while in the Yellow River and Langcang River basins, it decreased in general. The climate turned from Warm-Dry to Warm-Wet. The average temperature and precipitation increased by 0.91 °C and 101.99 mm, respectively, from 1990 to 2012, and the average humidity index ( HI ) increased by 0.06 and showing an upward trend and a shifting of the dividing line towards the northwest in both the areas of semi-humid and semi-arid zone. The correlation analysis of wetland changes with meteorological factors from 1990 to 2012 indicated that the regional humidity differences and the interannual variation trend, caused by the change of precipitation and evaporation, was the main driving factor for the dynamic variation of wetland change in the TRH region. In the general, the increase of HI in the THR region since the 1990s, especially in the western TRH region, contributed to wetland increase continuously. The conclusions of this study will provide some scientific references for the management and protection of wetlands in the TRH region, especially for restoration, reconstruction and conservation of degradation wetland.