Unemployment and suicide: a cohort analysis of social factors predicting suicide in the US National Longitudinal Mortality Study
Unemployment and suicide: a cohort analysis of social factors predicting suicide in the US National Longitudinal Mortality Study
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DOI：
10.1017/s0033291799002925
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发表时间：
2001-01-01
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Kposowa, AJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kposowa, AJ
背景本研究的目的是使用一个具有全国代表性的大样本美国人口，通过多年的随访，检查基线测量的就业状况对自杀风险的影响。考克斯回归模型应用于国家纵向死亡率研究的数据，基于1979-1989年的随访。在估计基线就业状况对自杀的影响时，对基线人口统计学和社会经济变量进行了调整。经过3年的跟踪调查，失业男性自杀的可能性是就业男性的两倍多一点。在男性中，社会经济地位越低，自杀风险越高。在妇女中，在每一年的随访中，失业者的自杀风险都比就业者高得多。经过9年的跟踪调查，失业妇女自杀的可能性是就业妇女的三倍多。失业与自杀密切相关，但这种关系在妇女中更为持久和牢固。对男性而言，失业的影响在随访的前几年更大。在妇女中，无论随访年数如何，失业都会增加自杀的风险。关于妇女的调查结果否定了早先的研究报告，即失业只影响男子的自杀。
Background. The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of employment status measured at baseline on the risk of suicide by years of follow-up, using a large nationally representative sample of the US population.Methods. Cox regression models were applied to data from the National Longitudinal Mortality Study, based on the 1979-1989 follow-up. In estimating the effect of baseline employment status on suicide, adjustments were made for baseline demographic and socio-economic variables.Results. After 3 years of follow-up, unemployed men were a little over twice as likely to commit suicide as their employed counterparts. Among men, the lower the socio-economic status, the higher the suicide risk. Among women, in each year of follow-up, the unemployed had a much higher suicide risk than the employed. After 9 years of follow-up unemployed women were over three times more likely to kill themselves than their employed counterparts.Conclusions. Unemployment is strongly related to suicide, but this relationship is more enduring and stronger among women. For men, the unemployment effect is stronger at earlier years of follow-up. In women, unemployment increases the risk of suicide regardless of the number of follow-up years. The finding with regard to women disconfirms earlier research reports suggesting that unemployment affects suicide only in men.