Characterizing and analysis of the flattening Internet topology
Characterizing and analysis of the flattening Internet topology
复制标题
扁平化互联网拓扑的表征与分析
DOI：
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Jingping Bi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Zhengwei Zhao;Jingping Bi
尽管在定性描述互联网拓扑的扁平化趋势方面做了大量工作，但从域间路由的角度对这种趋势进行大规模定量测量的研究很少。本文利用RouteViews和RIPE的15年历史数据集，分析了互联网层次结构和互联策略的演变趋势。我们发现，互联网正变得更加平坦，这主要是由于绕过了as路径上的第一层isp，以及点对点链接的显著增加。我们还研究了全球路由基础设施，发现ixp的数量正在迅速增加，并扩展到世界各地的广泛地区，这极大地促进了主要内容提供商和内容交付网络向世界大多数地区的扩展。最后，我们讨论了这一趋势的影响和含义。我们的测量结果有力地证实了互联网的扁平化趋势，并将有助于提高我们对互联网as级生态系统和未来互联网架构设计的理解。
Despite significant efforts to qualitatively describe the flattening trends of the Internet topology, there is few large-scale quantitative measurement study of such trends from the perspective of inter-domain routing. In this paper, we analyze the evolutionary trends of the Internet hierarchy and the interconnection policies, using fifteen years of historical datasets from RouteViews and RIPE. We find that the Internet is becoming flatter mainly due to bypassing the Tier-1 ISPs on AS-paths and the notable increase of peer-to-peer links. We also examine the global routing infrastructure, and find that IXPs are increasing rapidly in number and expand to broad areas around the world, which greatly facilitates the expansion of major content providers and content delivery networks to most regions in the world. Finally we discuss the impact and implication of this trend. Our measurement results strongly confirm the flattening trends of the Internet, and will help advance our understanding of the Internet AS-level ecosystem and the design of future Internet architecture.