Biomimetic brain machine interfaces for the control of movement
Biomimetic brain machine interfaces for the control of movement
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DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.3516-07.2007
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发表时间：
2007-10-31
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Miller, Lee E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fagg, Andrew H.;Hatsopoulos, Nicholas G.;Miller, Lee E.
最近，利用大量皮层神经元同时记录的信号进行实时控制已经成为可能。这样的脑机接口（bmi）已经允许动物实验对象和人类患者在视觉反馈的指导下控制计算机光标或机械肢体的位置。虽然令人印象深刻，但这些方法基本上忽略了肌肉骨骼系统的动力学，并且缺乏潜在的关键体感反馈。在这个小型研讨会上，我们将开始讨论更接近模拟自然肢体运动控制的系统。我们将描述的工作是基于对感觉运动生理学的基本观察，这些观察启发了新的BMI方法。我们将重点关注我们认为的与运动控制相关的BMI发展的三个最重要的新方向。(1)我们将提出构建解码器的替代方法，包括结构化的非线性模型，肢体状态信息的显式结合，以及为无法产生输出信号的瘫痪受试者开发解码器的新方法。(2)描述关节扭矩、力、肌电图等动态信号的实时预测，以及对具有真实肢体动态的物理植物的实时控制。(3)我们将讨论将体感反馈纳入BMI使用者必须考虑的关键因素，包括其潜在的好处，感觉和知觉在皮质区域的不同表征，以及脊髓损伤后触觉事件的皮质表征的变化。
Quite recently, it has become possible to use signals recorded simultaneously from large numbers of cortical neurons for real-time control. Such brain machine interfaces (BMIs) have allowed animal subjects and human patients to control the position of a computer cursor or robotic limb under the guidance of visual feedback. Although impressive, such approaches essentially ignore the dynamics of the musculo skeletal system, and they lack potentially critical somatosensory feedback. In this mini-symposium, we will initiate a discussion of systems that more nearly mimic the control of natural limb movement. The work that we will describe is based on fundamental observations of sensorimotor physiology that have inspired novel BMI approaches. We will focus on what we consider to be three of the most important new directions for BMI development related to the control of movement. ( 1) We will present alternative methods for building decoders, including structured, nonlinear models, the explicit incorporation of limb state information, and novel approaches to the development of decoders for paralyzed subjects unable to generate an output signal. ( 2) We will describe the real-time prediction of dynamical signals, including joint torque, force, and EMG, and the real-time control of physical plants with dynamics like that of the real limb. ( 3) We will discuss critical factors that must be considered to incorporate somatosensory feedback to the BMI user, including its potential benefits, the differing representations of sensation and perception across cortical areas, and the changes in the cortical representation of tactile events after spinal injury.