Biarticular muscles in light of template models, experiments and robotics: a review

Biarticular muscles in light of template models, experiments and robotics: a review
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根据模板模型、实验和机器人技术的双关节肌肉:综述

DOI:
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发表时间:
2020
影响因子:
3.9
通讯作者:
C. Rode
C. Rode
中科院分区:
综合性期刊2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
C. Schumacher;Maziar Ahmad Sharbafi;A. Seyfarth;C. Rode

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腿的形态是进化的重要结果。腿的一个显著形态特征是存在跨相邻关节的双关节肌肉。来自不同研究领域的不同研究表明,对肌肉在循环矢状面运动中的功能的理解不太一致。我们通过反映生物力学模板模型、人体实验和机器人系统设计来构建双关节肌肉功能的综述。在这些方法中,我们调查了双关节肌肉对运动亚功能(站立、平衡和摆动)的贡献。虽然单关节肌和双关节肌没有表现出生理差异,但综述的研究为单关节肌和双关节肌的互补和运动亚功能特异性贡献提供了证据。在站立时,双关节肌肉协调关节运动,提高经济性(例如通过传递能量),并确保腿部的锯齿形结构防止关节过度伸展。这些众所周知的功能通过双关节肌肉在控制平衡和摆动的角动量中的明确作用而得到扩展。类人腿布局和双关节结构固有的(柔顺)特性提高了有腿机器人和辅助设备的可控性和能量效率。未来对双关节肌肉的跨学科研究应该解决它们在感知和控制以及非循环和/或非矢状运动和非静态力矩臂中的作用。
Leg morphology is an important outcome of evolution. A remarkable morphological leg feature is the existence of biarticular muscles that span adjacent joints. Diverse studies from different fields of research suggest a less coherent understanding of the muscles’ functionality in cyclic, sagittal plane locomotion. We structured this review of biarticular muscle function by reflecting biomechanical template models, human experiments and robotic system designs. Within these approaches, we surveyed the contribution of biarticular muscles to the locomotor subfunctions (stance, balance and swing). While mono- and biarticular muscles do not show physiological differences, the reviewed studies provide evidence for complementary and locomotor subfunction-specific contributions of mono- and biarticular muscles. In stance, biarticular muscles coordinate joint movements, improve economy (e.g. by transferring energy) and secure the zig-zag configuration of the leg against joint overextension. These commonly known functions are extended by an explicit role of biarticular muscles in controlling the angular momentum for balance and swing. Human-like leg arrangement and intrinsic (compliant) properties of biarticular structures improve the controllability and energy efficiency of legged robots and assistive devices. Future interdisciplinary research on biarticular muscles should address their role for sensing and control as well as non-cyclic and/or non-sagittal motions, and non-static moment arms.
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