Gene doping
Gene doping
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DOI：
10.1038/scientificamerican0704-62
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发表时间：
2004-07-01
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Sweeney, HL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Sweeney, HL
通过基因来增强肌肉大小和力量的研究一开始并不是为了服务于精英运动员。我自己的工作是从观察我的家庭成员开始的，他们中的许多人都活到了80多岁和90多岁。虽然他们总体上享有良好的健康状况，但由于衰老带来的虚弱，他们的生活质量受到了影响。在30岁到80岁之间，肌肉力量和质量都会下降三分之一。人体内实际上有三种类型的肌肉：平滑肌，衬在消化道等内腔中;心脏中的心肌;以及骨骼肌，当我们想到肌肉时，我们大多数人都会想到骨骼肌。骨骼肌是人体最大的器官，而这种肌肉，尤其是最强壮的所谓的快速纤维，会随着年龄的增长而衰退。随着力量的丧失，失去平衡的可能性更大，在摔倒之前抓住自己变得更加困难。一旦跌倒导致髋骨骨折或其他严重伤害，移动性完全丧失。
RESEARCH TOWARD genetically enhancing muscle size and strength did not start out to serve the elite athlete. My own work began with observing members of my family, many of whom lived well into their 80s and 90s. Although they enjoyed generally good health, their quality of life suffered because of the weakness associated with aging. Both muscle strength and mass can decrease by as much as a third between the ages of 30 and 80. There are actually three types of muscle in the body: smooth muscle, lining internal cavities such as the digestive tract; cardiac muscle in the heart; and skeletal muscle, the type most of us think of when we think of muscle. Skeletal muscle constitutes the largest organ of the body, and it is this type—particularly the strongest so-called fast fibers—that declines with age. With this loss of strength, losing one’s balance is more likely and catching oneself before falling becomes more difficult. Once a fall causes a hip fracture or other serious injury, mobility is gone completely.