PhD job market: professional trajectories and incentives during the PhD
PhD job market: professional trajectories and incentives during the PhD
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DOI：
10.1016/s0048-7333(99)00047-5
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发表时间：
2000-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
Mangematin, V
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mangematin, V
博士毕业生越来越难找到一份与他们的学历相匹配的工作。Stephan和Levin已经表明，这种情况削弱了博士生（或博士后）和他们正在进行研究的研究团队之间的隐性契约，这种隐性契约的弱点可能会减缓科学生产，因为缺乏激励好的学生参与学术科学生产。本文的目的是考察学生投资攻读博士学位和博士生导师聘用博士生的动机。通过理论分析，提出假设。通过对格勒诺布尔大学（法国的一个中型城镇，拥有一个大型学术团体）400名工程科学博士生的调查，这些观点得到了验证。拥有硕士学位的学生是否有关于科学界和科学规则的相关信息，使他们能够选择“最佳”的地方来完成他们的博士学位？决定他们选择的主要因素是什么？轨迹是灵活的吗？他们的研究在多大程度上受到这些变量的影响？在研究方面，私营企业和学术界在招聘博士毕业生时是否有相同的标准？分析表明，轨迹不灵活，博士生必须在信息水平最低时选择轨迹。当他们在完成博士学位后选择第一份工作时，从学术界转到私营部门或反之亦然的成本取决于他们在博士学位期间是否与私营部门合作以及发表的强度。两个招聘部门和两套评估应聘者能力的标准的存在会影响博士生与博士生导师之间的隐性契约和科学生产的动态。(C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V.版权所有JEL分类：J24；H52;j - 1;卫星;O3。
It is becoming more and more difficult for PhD graduates to find a job corresponding to their qualifications. Stephan and Levin have shown that this situation weakens the implicit contract between PhD students (or post-dec) and the research team in which they are doing their research, This weakness of the implicit contract may slow down scientific production because of the lack of incentives for good students to participate in academic science production. The aim of this paper is to examine incentives for students to invest in a PhD and for PhD supervisors to hire PhD students. After a theoretical analysis, hypotheses are made. These are tested by means of a survey on 400 engineering science PhD students from the University of Grenoble (a medium-sized town in France, with a large academic community). Do students with a Master's degree have relevant information about the scientific community and scientific rules to enable them to choose the "best" place to complete their PhD? What are the main factors determining their choice? Are trajectories flexible? To what extent is their research affected by these variables? In research, do private firms and academia have the same criteria when it comes to recruiting PhD graduates? The analysis shows that trajectories are not flexible and that PhD graduates have to choose a trajectory when their level of information is at its lowest. When they choose their first job after completing their PhD, the cost of switching from academia to the private sector or vice versa depends on whether or not they collaborated with the private sector during their PhD and on the intensity of publication. The existence of two sectors of recruitment with two sets of criteria to evaluate applicants' abilities can affect the implicit contract between PhD graduates and PhD supervisors and the dynamics of scientific production. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. JEL classification: J24; H52; J1; J6; O3.