Relationships between regulated DBPs and emerging DBPs of health concern in U.S. drinking water
Relationships between regulated DBPs and emerging DBPs of health concern in U.S. drinking water
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美国饮用水中受监管的 DBP 与新出现的影响健康的 DBP 之间的关系
DOI：
10.1016/j.jes.2022.04.016
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Plewa, Michael J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Krasner, Stuart W.;Jia, Ai;Lee, Chih-Fen T.;Shirkhani, Raha;Allen, Joshua M.;Richardson, Susan D.;Plewa, Michael J.
在美国八个饮用水厂进行了一项调查，涵盖了广泛的水质和处理/消毒实践。处理严重废水影响的源沃茨的工厂有较低的三卤甲烷，二卤乙腈的比例，由于存在更多的有机氮和HAN前体。随着溴与总有机碳比例的增加，有更多的溴掺入消毒副产物。这已在其他研究中显示的三卤甲烷和选定的新兴的消毒副产物（汉），而这项研究审查了更广泛的新兴的消毒副产物（卤代乙醛，卤代硝基甲烷）的溴掺入。此外，溴纳入新兴的消毒副产物，一般来说，类似的THMs。流行病学研究表明，对健康的不利影响与溴化三卤甲烷之间存在关联，这可能是由于形成了新出现的溴化消毒副产物。在加氨形成氯胺之前具有较高游离氯接触时间的植物在氯胺化分配系统中具有较少的碘化DBP形成，其中存在更多的碘化物氧化为碘酸盐（碘化物的汇）。这已经在许多实验室规模的研究（主要是碘化THMs）中得到证实，但很少在全规模研究中得到证实（本研究还显示了对总有机碘的影响）。总的来说，THMs、卤代乙酸和新出现的DBP占TOCl、TOBr和TOI的很大一部分;然而，TOCl和TOBr的约50%仍然未知。检测到的DBP的总和与TOCl和TOBr的相关性表明，它们可以作为可靠的替代品。
A survey was conducted at eight U.S. drinking water plants, that spanned a wide range of water qualities and treatment/disinfection practices. Plants that treated heavily-wastewater-impacted source waters had lower trihalomethane to dihaloacetonitrile ratios due to the presence of more organic nitrogen and HAN precursors. As the bromide to total organic carbon ratio increased, there was more bromine incorporation into DBPs. This has been shown in other studies for THMs and selected emerging DBPs (HANs), whereas this study examined bromine incorporation for a wider group of emerging DBPs (haloacetaldehydes, halonitromethanes). Moreover, bromine incorporation into the emerging DBPs was, in general, similar to that of the THMs. Epidemiology studies that show an association between adverse health effects and brominated THMs may be due to the formation of brominated emerging DBPs of heath concern. Plants with higher free chlorine contact times before ammonia addition to form chloramines had less iodinated DBP formation in chloraminated distribution systems, where there was more oxidation of the iodide to iodate (a sink for the iodide) by the chlorine. This has been shown in many bench-scale studies (primarily for iodinated THMs), but seldom in full-scale studies (where this study also showed the impact on total organic iodine. Collectively, the THMs, haloacetic acids, and emerging DBPs accounted for a significant portion of the TOCl, TOBr, and TOI; however, ∼50% of the TOCl and TOBr is still unknown. The correlation of the sum of detected DBPs with the TOCl and TOBr suggests that they can be used as reliable surrogates.