Modeling the Effects of Tidal Energy Extraction on Estuarine Hydrodynamics in a Stratified Estuary
Modeling the Effects of Tidal Energy Extraction on Estuarine Hydrodynamics in a Stratified Estuary
复制标题
模拟分层河口潮汐能提取对河口水动力的影响
DOI：
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Taiping Wang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Zhaoqing Yang;Taiping Wang
本文采用带潮汐涡轮模块的三维沿海海洋模型，研究了潮汐能提取对温度、盐度分层和密度驱动的两层河口环流的影响。通过数值实验研究了通过狭窄的潮汐通道与海岸相连的理想分层河口的潮汐平均温度、盐度和速度分布的变化。该模型由潮汐、河流流入和海面热通量驱动。为了代表商业潮汐农场的实际规模，模型模拟是基于一小部分（不到10%）的涡轮机总数来进行的，这些涡轮机将在系统中产生最大的可提取能量。模型结果表明，潮汐能的提取会增加河口的垂直混合，减少河口的分层。安装流内潮汐能会造成潮汐波的相位滞后，导致基线和潮汐能条件之间的潮流差异很大。在水轮机轮毂高度接近底部的情况下，河口系统潮汐能的提取对表层潮汐平均盐度、温度和速度的影响要大于底层。最后，模型结果还表明，潮汐能的提取削弱了两层河口环流，特别是在潮汐混合最弱、能量提取最小的小潮期间。
A 3-D coastal ocean model with a tidal turbine module was used in this paper to study the effects of tidal energy extraction on temperature and salinity stratification and density-driven two-layer estuarine circulation. Numerical experiments with various turbine array configurations were carried out to investigate the changes in tidally averaged temperature, salinity, and velocity profiles in an idealized stratified estuary that connects to coastal water through a narrow tidal channel. The model was driven by tides, river inflow, and sea surface heat flux. To represent the realistic size of commercial tidal farms, model simulations were conducted based on a small percentage (less than 10 %) of the total number of turbines that would generate the maximum extractable energy in the system. Model results show that extraction of tidal in-stream energy will increase the vertical mixing and decrease the stratification in the estuary. Installation of in-stream tidal farm will cause a phase lag in tidal wave, which leads to large differences in tidal currents between baseline and tidal farm conditions. Extraction of tidal energy in an estuarine system has stronger impact on the tidally averaged salinity, temperature, and velocity in the surface layer than the bottom layer even though the turbine hub height is close to the bottom. Finally, model results also indicate that extraction of tidal energy weakens the two-layer estuarine circulation, especially during neap tides when tidal mixing is weakest and energy extraction is smallest.