A Porcine Model of Traumatic Brain Injury via Head Rotational Acceleration.
A Porcine Model of Traumatic Brain Injury via Head Rotational Acceleration.
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DOI：
10.1007/978-1-4939-3816-2_17
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Smith DH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cullen DK;Harris JP;Browne KD;Wolf JA;Duda JE;Meaney DF;Margulies SS;Smith DH
创伤性脑损伤（TBI）不同于其他脑疾病，通常是由引起头部快速运动的离散生物力学事件引起的。人类大脑的大尺寸和高组织性使得其特别容易受到来自旋转加速度的创伤性损伤，旋转加速度可以导致脑组织的动态变形。因此，在动物模型中复制人类TBI的损伤生物力学提出了实质性的挑战，特别是关于解决脑大小和损伤参数。在这里，我们提出的历史发展和使用的猪模型的头部旋转加速度。通过按比例增加旋转力以解释猪和人类之间的脑质量差异，该模型已被证明产生与人类TBI中发现的相同的组织变形和相同的神经病理学。应用于模型的缩放快速角加速度的参数再现当人的头部在福尔斯、碰撞或钝性冲击中突然加速或减速时产生的惯性力。该模型使用定制的连杆组件和一个强大的线性致动器，旨在产生纯粹的脉冲非冲击头旋转在不同的角平面在控制旋转加速度水平。通过一系列头部旋转运动学，该模型可以产生从脑震荡到严重TBI的功能和神经病理学变化。然而，值得注意的是，该模型非常难以使用，需要高度熟练的团队进行医疗管理，生物力学，神经恢复和专业的结果测量，包括神经监测，神经生理学，神经影像学和神经病理学。尽管如此，尽管具有挑战性，但这种临床相关模型已被证明对确定急性和进行性神经病理学机制以及评估TBI后的非侵入性诊断技术和潜在神经保护治疗很有价值。
Unique from other brain disorders, traumatic brain injury (TBI) generally results from a discrete biomechanical event that induces rapid head movement. The large size and high organization of the human brain makes it particularly vulnerable to traumatic injury from rotational accelerations that can cause dynamic deformation of the brain tissue. Therefore, replicating the injury biomechanics of human TBI in animal models presents a substantial challenge, particularly with regard to addressing brain size and injury parameters. Here we present the historical development and use of a porcine model of head rotational acceleration. By scaling up the rotational forces to account for difference in brain mass between swine and humans, this model has been shown to produce the same tissue deformations and identical neuropathologies found in human TBI. The parameters of scaled rapid angular accelerations applied for the model reproduce inertial forces generated when the human head suddenly accelerates or decelerates in falls, collisions, or blunt impacts. The model uses custom-built linkage assemblies and a powerful linear actuator designed to produce purely impulsive nonimpact head rotation in different angular planes at controlled rotational acceleration levels. Through a range of head rotational kinematics, this model can produce functional and neuropathological changes across the spectrum from concussion to severe TBI. Notably, however, the model is very difficult to employ, requiring a highly skilled team for medical management, biomechanics, neurological recovery, and specialized outcome measures including neuromonitoring, neurophysiology, neuroimaging, and neuropathology. Nonetheless, while challenging, this clinically relevant model has proven valuable for identifying mechanisms of acute and progressive neuropathologies as well as for the evaluation of noninvasive diagnostic techniques and potential neuroprotective treatments following TBI.