How to Split Gains and Losses? Experimental Evidence of Dictator and Ultimatum Games
How to Split Gains and Losses? Experimental Evidence of Dictator and Ultimatum Games
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DOI：
10.3390/g9040078
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发表时间：
2018-10
期刊：
影响因子：
0.9
通讯作者：
Thomas Neumann;Sabrina Kierspel;Ivo Windrich;R. Berger;B. Vogt
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Thomas Neumann;Sabrina Kierspel;Ivo Windrich;R. Berger;B. Vogt
以前的研究通常集中在收益领域出现的分配问题。只有少数研究区分了在收益领域和损失领域进行的游戏，尽管前景理论预测了这两个领域的行为差异。在这项研究中，我们实验性地分析了独裁者和最后通牒游戏中玩家需要分割金钱损失时的行为，然后将其与玩家必须分割金钱收益时的行为进行比较。我们发现，玩家对待收益和损失的方式不同，因为他们在游戏中对损失不那么慷慨，并且对先前的经历做出不同的反应。独裁者博弈中的参与者在经历了最后通牒博弈之后变得更加自私。
Previous research has typically focused on distribution problems that emerge in the domain of gains. Only a few studies have distinguished between games played in the domain of gains from games in the domain of losses, even though, for example, prospect theory predicts differences between behavior in both domains. In this study, we experimentally analyze players’ behavior in dictator and ultimatum games when they need to divide a monetary loss and then compare this to behavior when players have to divide a monetary gain. We find that players treat gains and losses differently in that they are less generous in games over losses and react differently to prior experiences. Players in the dictator game become more selfish after they have had the experience of playing an ultimatum game first.