On loudness at threshold
On loudness at threshold
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DOI：
10.1121/1.423295
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发表时间：
1998-07-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Florentine, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Buus, S;Müsch, H;Florentine, M
用纯音和四声、十声复合体之间的绝对阈值和响度匹配来评估低水平和中等水平下响度与感觉水平SL的函数形式。音调复合体的成分具有相等的SLS，并且被一条、两条、四条或六条临界带分开。对6名听力正常的听众进行了测试。多音复合体的阈值表明，即使当单个分量的电平比阈值低几分贝时，它们通常也可以被检测到。平均检测优势与在独立的、频率选择性的听觉通道中对多个观测的预测一致，但听众之间的差异是明显的。不同听众之间的音量匹配也有所不同。六名听者中有五名将由阈值以下成分组成的音调复合体与高于阈值几分贝的纯音相匹配。这表明，对于这五个听者来说，达到或甚至低于阈值的音调响度大于零。利用响度求和的简单模型，从个体听者的响度匹配中得到响度函数。响度函数[作为对数(强度)的函数绘制的对数(响度)]的斜率在低电平时通常超过1，并且在40分贝SL时接近0.2。这个中等水平的浅斜率与从响度时间积分数据得到的响度函数相一致。由目前资料得到的平均响度函数也与以往通过震级估计、震级产生、比值产生和双耳响度总和测量得到的各种数据吻合良好。(C)1998年美国声学学会。
Absolute thresholds for and loudness matches between pure tones and four-and ten-tone complexes were used to assess the form of the function relating loudness to sensation level, SL, at low and moderate levels. The components of the tone complexes had equal SLs and were separated by one, two, four, or six critical bands. Six listeners with normal hearing were tested. The thresholds for the multitone complexes indicate that they generally can be detected even when the level of a single component is a few dB below the threshold. The average detection advantage is consistent with predictions for multiple observations in independent, frequency-selective auditory channels, but differences among listeners are apparent. The loudness matches also vary somewhat among listeners. Five of the six listeners matched tone complexes composed of subthreshold components to a pure tone a few dB above threshold. This indicates that the loudness of tones at or even below threshold is greater than zero for these five listeners. A simple model of loudness summation was used to obtain loudness functions from the individual listeners' loudness matches. The slopes of the loudness functions [log(loudness) plotted as a function of log(intensity)] generally exceed unity at low levels and are near 0.2 at 40 dB SL. This shallow slope at moderate levels agrees with loudness functions derived from data on temporal integration of loudness. The average loudness function derived from the present data also is in good agreement with a variety of previous data obtained by magnitude estimation, magnitude production, ratio production, and measurements of binaural loudness summation. (C) 1998 Acoustical Society of America.