Changing landscapes, habitats and vegetation diversity across Great Britain
Changing landscapes, habitats and vegetation diversity across Great Britain
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DOI：
10.1016/s0301-4797(02)00179-2
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发表时间：
2003-03-01
影响因子：
8.7
通讯作者：
Watkins, JW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Haines-Young, R;Barr, CJ;Watkins, JW
本文介绍了如何农村调查2000年（CS2000）和更早的农村调查在1990年和1984年，可以用来开发土地覆盖，景观和生物多样性的变化，发生在英国的区域尺度的综合视图。一个特别值得关注的问题是如何发展的股票和变化的国家模式分布在英国，以及这种变化是否会导致我们的景观和生物多样性或多或少的区域分化的理解。另一个值得关注的问题是景观的结构是如何变化的。对构成英国的主要环境区进行了描述。对所观察到的区域变化模式的分析表明，生物多样性行动计划大湖区鱼类种群的增减存在着相当大的地理差异。在1984年至1990年期间，在英格兰和威尔士南部和西部的低地，耕地、园艺和阔叶林地的面积显著增加，而改良草地的面积明显减少。在同一时期，在英格兰和威尔士的高地，观察到酸性草地的重大损失，以及改良草地的相关收益。苏格兰的环境区在广泛的鱼类种群变化方面更为稳定。除了分析的净变化的股票的广泛的栖息地，本文提供了一个分析的交换的土地之间的主要覆盖类别或每个环境zones.In对比的区域集中的变化栖息地股票，更普遍和均匀的变化，在1990年和1998年之间检测到的栖息地质量，这继续观察到的趋势，为1980年代。淡水生境的质量有所提高。然而，一些陆地生境的质量下降，农业生境的物种多样性丧失，半自然生境的多样性增加，如酸性草原，通常与物种贫乏的植被类型有关。质的变化的一个重要驱动力似乎是广泛的氮营养富集。然而，这些过程可能是在更多的地方因素，如土地管理方式的变化为农业叠加。强调了理解未来农村政策变化的各种驱动力的重要性。(C)2003年由Elsevier Science Ltd.出版
This paper describes how Countryside Survey 2000 (CS2000) and earlier Countryside Surveys in 1990 and 1984, can be used to develop an integrated view of the changes in land cover, landscape and biodiversity that have taken place at the regional scale in Great Britain. A particular concern is to develop an understanding of how the national patterns of stock and change are distributed across Great Britain, and whether such changes are leading to more or less regional differentiation in our landscapes and biodiversity. A further concern is how the structure of landscape is changing.A description of the major Environmental Zones that make up Great Britain is given. Analysis of the regional patterns of change observed suggests that there has been considerable geographical variation in the gains and losses of the stock of the Biodiversity Action Plan Broad Habitats. Between 1984 and 1990, in the lowlands of the south and west of England and Wales, there were significant increase in the area of the Arable and Horticultural and Broadleaved Woodland Broad Habitats, and a marked loss of Improved Grassland. Over the same period, in the uplands of England and Wales, significant losses of Acid Grassland were observed, with associated gains in Improved Grassland. The Environmental Zones in Scotland were more stable in terms of the changes in stock of Broad Habitats. In addition to the analysis of net changes in stock of the Broad Habitats, the paper provides an analysis of the exchanges of land between major cover categories or each of the Environmental Zones.In contrast to the regionally concentrated changes in habitat stock, more ubiquitous and uniform changes in habitat quality were detected between 1990 and 1998, which continue trends observed for the 1980s. The quality of freshwater habitats increased. However, there were declines in the quality for some terrestrial biotopes, as indicated by the loss of species diversity from agricultural habitats, and the gains in diversity in semi-natural habitats, such as Acid Grasslands, more usually associated with vegetation types that are poor in species. An important driver of qualitative change appears to be widespread nutrient enrichment from nitrogen. However, such processes are probably superimposed upon more local factors, such as changes in the way land is managed for agriculture. The importance of understanding the various drives of change for future countryside policy is emphasized. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.