Mechanism of explosive eruptions of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii
Mechanism of explosive eruptions of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii
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夏威夷基拉韦厄火山爆发的机制
DOI：
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发表时间：
1992
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Dvorak
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Dvorak
1924年5月，夏威夷的基拉韦厄火山发生了一次小规模的爆炸性喷发。火山爆发之前，熔岩湖迅速排水，大量岩浆从山顶水库转移到东部裂谷带。这降低了岩浆柱，降低了Halemaumau下方的静水压力，使地下水迅速流入热岩区域，产生了潜水喷发。与基拉韦厄其他事件的比较表明，大量岩浆从山顶水库转移出来不足以产生潜水喷发。例如，1924年5月爆炸活动开始时转移的数量少于1955年3月和1960年1月至2月转移的数量，当时没有发生爆炸活动。同样，1922年5月和1923年8月发生的熔岩湖的排水和Halemaumau底部的加深也不足以产生爆炸活动。基拉韦厄的潜水喷发既需要从山顶水库转移大量的岩浆，也需要从地表附近迅速转移岩浆，在地表附近，周围的岩石已经被加热到足够的温度，当突然接触地下水时会产生蒸汽爆炸。
A small explosive eruption of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, occurred in May 1924. The eruption was preceded by rapid draining of a lava lake and transfer of a large volume of magma from the summit reservoir to the east rift zone. This lowered the magma column, which reduced hydrostatic pressure beneath Halemaumau and allowed groundwater to flow rapidly into areas of hot rock, producing a phreatic eruption. A comparison with other events at Kilauea shows that the transfer of a large volume of magma out of the summit reservoir is not sufficient to produce a phreatic eruption. For example, the volume transferred at the beginning of explosive activity in May 1924 was less than the volumes transferred in March 1955 and January–February 1960, when no explosive activity occurred. Likewise, draining of a lava lake and deepening of the floor of Halemaumau, which occurred in May 1922 and August 1923, were not sufficient to produce explosive activity. A phreatic eruption of Kilauea requires both the transfer of a large volume of magma from the summit reservoir and the rapid removal of magma from near the surface, where the surrounding rocks have been heated to a sufficient temperature to produce steam explosions when suddenly contacted by groundwater.