Knowledge acquisition, accessibility, and use in person perception and stereotyping: simulation with a recurrent connectionist network.
Knowledge acquisition, accessibility, and use in person perception and stereotyping: simulation with a recurrent connectionist network.
复制标题
知识获取、可访问性以及在人的感知和刻板印象中的使用：用循环联结网络进行模拟。
DOI：
10.1037//0022-3514.74.1.21
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发表时间：
1998
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
DeCoster,J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Smith,ER;DeCoster,J
联结主义模型在很多方面与社会心理学中传统应用的符号模型形成鲜明对比。在本文中，作者应用最初由 J. L. McClelland 和 D. E. Rumelhart (1986) 开发的自联想联结主义模型来重现与人感知和刻板印象相关的几个被良好复制且理论上重要的现象。这些现象是基于范例的推理、基于群体的刻板印象、同时应用几种刻板印象来生成涌现特征，以及先前接触的新近度和频率对可访问性（表示使用的概率）的影响。尽管其中许多现象可以用当前的社会心理学理论来解释，但模拟通过表明一个非常简单的机制可以产生所有这些现象，从而有助于简约和理论整合。该模型还预测了一种新现象——可达性在下降到零后迅速恢复。
Connectionist models contrast in many ways with the symbolic models that have traditionally been applied within social psychology. In this article, the authors apply an autoassociative connectionist model originally developed by J. L. McClelland and D. E. Rumelhart (1986) to reproduce several well-replicated and theoretically important phenomena related to person perception and stereotyping. These phenomena are exemplar-based inference, group-based stereotyping, the simultaneous application of several stereotypes to generate emergent characteristics, and the effects of recency and frequency of prior exposures on accessibility (the probability of a representation’s use). Although many of these phenomena are explained by current theories in social psychology, the simulation contributes to parsimony and theoretical integration by showing that a single, very simple mechanism can generate them all. The model also predicts a new phenomenon-rapid recovery of accessibility after it has declined to zero.