Advances in Faba Bean Genetics and Genomics.
Advances in Faba Bean Genetics and Genomics.
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DOI：
10.3389/fgene.2016.00150
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Angra D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
O'Sullivan DM;Angra D
蚕豆（Vicia faba L.）是一种全球性的重要豆科作物，其主要的多样性中心是新月沃土和地中海盆地。由于其数量少（六个），特别大，容易观察到的染色体，它成为70年代和80年代植物细胞遗传学的模式物种。因此，具有讽刺意味的是，在基因组学上更易处理的模式植物物种（如拟南芥和苜蓿）出现的同时，对以前受欢迎的植物细胞遗传学模型的基因组研究却明显下降。因此，随着20世纪90年代和21世纪初出现的更高密度的分子标记覆盖率和密集的遗传图谱，甚至是关键作物和模式物种的完整基因组序列图谱，蚕豆的遗传和基因组知识远远落后于其他谷类豆类，如大豆，菜豆和豌豆。然而，近年来，廉价的测序技术刺激了从几种组织类型和许多不同品种中产生深度转录组覆盖。这使得蚕豆元转录组的重建成为可能，并推动了大量简单序列重复和单核苷酸多态性（SNP）标记的发展。蚕豆的遗传学可以追溯到20世纪30年代，但直到1993年，DNA标记才被用于构建遗传图谱。在20世纪90年代和21世纪初，进行了一系列基于随机扩增多态性DNA的遗传研究，主要针对对一系列生物和非生物胁迫的抗性的定量基因座。最近，基于SNP的遗传图谱已经允许感兴趣的染色体间隔与已测序的豆科植物基因组的共线片段进行比对，例如模式豆科植物苜蓿（Medicago truncatula），这反过来又为将基因内容、顺序和功能的假设从模式转化为作物提供了可能性。一些例子中，基因的内容和功能的知识已经被富有成效地利用进行了讨论。关联基因及其功能的瓶颈，因此，从定位候选基因，以验证其功能和本次审查的最后一部分涵盖诱变和遗传转化，两个互补的路线验证基因功能和解锁新的性状变异，为改善这一重要的谷物豆类。
Vicia faba L, is a globally important grain legume whose main centers of diversity are the Fertile Crescent and Mediterranean basin. Because of its small number (six) of exceptionally large and easily observed chromosomes it became a model species for plant cytogenetics the 70s and 80s. It is somewhat ironic therefore, that the emergence of more genomically tractable model plant species such as Arabidopsis and Medicago coincided with a marked decline in genome research on the formerly favored plant cytogenetic model. Thus, as ever higher density molecular marker coverage and dense genetic and even complete genome sequence maps of key crop and model species emerged through the 1990s and early 2000s, genetic and genome knowledge of Vicia faba lagged far behind other grain legumes such as soybean, common bean and pea. However, cheap sequencing technologies have stimulated the production of deep transcriptome coverage from several tissue types and numerous distinct cultivars in recent years. This has permitted the reconstruction of the faba bean meta-transcriptome and has fueled development of extensive sets of Simple Sequence Repeat and Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) markers. Genetics of faba bean stretches back to the 1930s, but it was not until 1993 that DNA markers were used to construct genetic maps. A series of Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA-based genetic studies mainly targeted at quantitative loci underlying resistance to a series of biotic and abiotic stresses were conducted during the 1990's and early 2000s. More recently, SNP-based genetic maps have permitted chromosome intervals of interest to be aligned to collinear segments of sequenced legume genomes such as the model legume Medicago truncatula, which in turn opens up the possibility for hypotheses on gene content, order and function to be translated from model to crop. Some examples of where knowledge of gene content and function have already been productively exploited are discussed. The bottleneck in associating genes and their functions has therefore moved from locating gene candidates to validating their function and the last part of this review covers mutagenesis and genetic transformation, two complementary routes to validating gene function and unlocking novel trait variation for the improvement of this important grain legume.