Inositols and their metabolites in abiotic and biotic stress responses.
Inositols and their metabolites in abiotic and biotic stress responses.
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DOI：
10.1007/0-387-27600-9_10
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发表时间：
2006
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
T. Taji;Seiji Takahashi;K. Shinozaki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Taji;Seiji Takahashi;K. Shinozaki
肌醇在生物领域中无处不在，其代谢产物在应激反应、膜生物合成、生长调节和许多其他过程中发挥重要作用。在本章中，我们描述了肌醇及其衍生物代谢产物在非生物和生物应激反应中的作用。在这些应激条件下，肌醇及其代谢产物既是渗透物又是次生信使。从细菌、真菌、藻类到维管植物和动物，渗透胁迫过程中渗透产物的积累是一种普遍存在的生化机制。积累的渗透物包括甘油、肌醇、甜菜、牛磺酸、脯氨酸、海藻糖和棉子糖。植物在干旱、低温、高盐等非生物胁迫下积累了多种肌醇衍生物代谢物；相比之下，大多数动物只积累肌醇。在动物系统中，各种磷酸肌苷和磷酸肌醇在各种信号传导过程中作为次级信使起着很好的作用。磷酸肌醇特异性磷脂酶C （PIPLC）消化磷脂酰肌醇4,5 -二磷酸（PtdIns (4,5) P2），生成两个二级信使，肌醇1,4,5 -三磷酸（Ins (1,4,5) P3）和二酰基甘油（DG）。（Ins (1,4,5) P3）诱导Ca2+释放到细胞质中，进而引起各种细胞反应。在植物中，类似的系统响应非生物胁迫，如干旱、寒冷和高盐度胁迫。
Inositols are found ubiquitously in the biological kingdom, and their metabolites play important roles in stress responses, membrane biosynthesis, growth regulation, and many other processes. In this chapter, we describe the role of inositol and its derivative metabolites in abiotic and biotic stress responses. Inositol and its metabolites function as both osmolyte and secondary messengers under these stresses. The accumulation of osmolytes during osmotic stress is a ubiquitous biochemical mechanism found in all organisms from bacteria, fungi, and algae to vascular plants and animals. The accumulated osmolytes include glycerol, myo-inositol, betain, taurine, proline, trehalose, and raffinose. Plants accumulate many kinds of inositol-derivative metabolites during abiotic stresses, such as drought, low temperature, and highsalinity stresses; in contrast most animals accumulate only myo-inositol. In animal systems, it has been well documented that a variety of phosphoinositides and inositol phosphates function as secondary messengers in various signaling processes. Phosphoinositide-specific Phospholipase C (PIPLC) digests phosphatidylinositol 4, 5-bisphosphate (PtdIns (4, 5) P2) to generate two secondary messengers, inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate (Ins (1, 4, 5) P3) and diacylglycerol (DG).(Ins (1, 4, 5) P3) induces the release of Ca2+ into cytoplasm, which in turn causes various cellular responses. In plants, similar systems function in response to abiotic stress, such as drought, cold, and high-salinity stresses.