Rainfall and human activity impacts on soil losses and rill erosion in vineyards (Ruwer Valley, Germany)
Rainfall and human activity impacts on soil losses and rill erosion in vineyards (Ruwer Valley, Germany)
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DOI：
10.5194/se-6-823-2015
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发表时间：
2015-07
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
J. R. Comino;C. Brings;T. Lassu;T. Iserloh;J. M. Senciales;J. F. M. Murillo;J. D. Sinoga;M. Seeger;J. Ries
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文献类型：
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作者：
J. R. Comino;C. Brings;T. Lassu;T. Iserloh;J. M. Senciales;J. F. M. Murillo;J. D. Sinoga;M. Seeger;J. Ries
抽象。葡萄园是德国受人类活动影响最大的生态地貌系统之一。鲁沃山谷（德国）的葡萄园的特点是土壤侵蚀率高，陡坡（23至26°）上的细沟问题，这是由于越来越频繁的暴雨事件以及由于不正确的土地使用管理造成的恶化造成的。本文的目的是确定和量化的水文和侵蚀现象，在一个葡萄园在德国在不同的季节和不同的管理条件下（前，期间和后葡萄酒）。为此，采用了一种综合方法。气候（降雨深度分布和重现期），土壤学（土壤分析和分类），地貌（沉积物运动和溪流演变）和生物（葡萄藤上的植物标记）变量被用于两个实验区在瓦尔德拉赫村（特里尔，莱茵兰-腭骨的地区）。结果表明，高渗透率（近100%）和地下水流，这是在一年中的不同时间（9月至12月）进行的降雨模拟检测。最高的变化监测溪流（横向和正面的运动）之前和期间的葡萄酒，当脚步声发生集中在一段短时间内（9月和10月之间）。最后，两个地图的土壤流失，表明植物学标记嫁接联合的葡萄。62.5在新葡萄园的试验田（2年）中记录了1.4吨公顷/年的土壤流失，而在旧葡萄园（35年）中记录了3.4吨公顷/年的土壤流失。
Abstract. Vineyards are one of the eco-geomorphological systems most conditioned by human activity in Germany. The vineyards of the Ruwer Valley (Germany) are characterized by high soil erosion rates and rill problems on steep slopes (between 23 and 26°) caused by the increasingly frequent heavy rainfall events as well as deterioration due to incorrect land use managements. The objective of this paper is to determine and to quantify the hydrological and erosive phenomena in one vineyard in Germany during different seasons and under different management conditions (before, during and after vintage). For this purpose, a combined methodology was applied. Climatic (rainfall depth distributions and return periods), pedological (soil analysis and classification), geomorphological (sediment movements and rills evolution) and biological (botanic marks on the vines) variables were used on the two experimental plots in the village of Waldrach (Trier, region of Rhineland-Palatinate). The results showed high infiltration rates (near 100 %) and subsurface flow which were detected by rainfall simulations performed at different times of the year (between September and December). The highest variations of the monitored rills (lateral and frontal movements) were noted before and during vintage, when footsteps occurred concentrated during a short period of time (between September and October). Finally, two maps of soil loss were generated, indicated by botanic marks on the graft union of the vines. 62.5 t ha−1 yr−1 soil loss was registered in the experimental plots of the new vineyards (2 years), while 3.4 t ha−1 yr−1 was recorded in the old one (35 years).