Women, income and poverty: Gendered access to resources in Post-Apartheid South Africa
Women, income and poverty: Gendered access to resources in Post-Apartheid South Africa
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妇女、收入和贫困：后种族隔离时期南非按性别获取资源的情况
DOI：
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发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Rogan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Posel;M. Rogan
摘要 南非后种族隔离时期发生的深远变化可能影响到按性别划分的资源获取机会。在本文中，我们使用具有全国代表性的家庭调查数据来检验近十年来收入贫困程度的趋势是否已按性别划分。我们发现女性比男性更有可能生活在贫困家庭中。从 1997 年到 2006 年，贫困率有所下降，特别是在社会补助制度扩大之后。然而，男性贫困率的下降幅度大于女性。女性失业率较高、收入较低，以及家庭结构的变化，有助于解释为什么贫困率的性别差距在此期间扩大。我们还发现，女户主家庭比男户主家庭更容易陷入收入贫困，而且，男户主家庭的贫困程度下降得更多。然而，我们发现，贫困风险不仅在女户主家庭中存在显着差异，而且在男户主家庭中也存在显着差异，具体取决于家庭成员的就业状况。
abstract Far-reaching changes in the post-apartheid period in South Africa are likely to have affected gendered access to resources. In this Article, we use nationally representative household survey data to examine whether trends in the extent of income poverty over a recent ten-year period have been gendered. We find that females are more likely than males to live in poor households. Poverty rates have fallen from 1997 to 2006, and particularly following the expansion of the social grant system. However, the decline in poverty rates has been larger among males than among females. Higher levels of unemployment and lower earnings among women, as well as changes in household structure, help explain why the gender gap in poverty rates has widened over the period. We find also that female-headed households are far more vulnerable to income poverty than male-headed households and further, that the extent of poverty has fallen by more among households headed by men. However, we show that there are significant differences in poverty risks not only among female-headed households, but also among male-headed households, depending on the employment status of household members.