The relative influence of temperature, moisture and their interaction on range limits of mammals over the past century
The relative influence of temperature, moisture and their interaction on range limits of mammals over the past century
复制标题
过去一个世纪温度、湿度及其相互作用对哺乳动物活动范围限制的相对影响
DOI：
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Adam B. Smith
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Adam B. Smith
旨在
我确定的相对重要性，温度和湿度单独和串联作用的范围收缩和扩张的哺乳动物物种超过c。70年了
位置
落基山脉东部边界以西的美国本土（西经103.77°）。
方法
两个时期（1900-39年和1970-2009年）的67种哺乳动物的博物馆记录，平均年温度和平均年降水量被用来模拟历史和现代的分布。对于每个时代，每个物种在相反时代的范围之外的区域被分配到范围限制区：温度单独是禁止的，湿度单独是禁止的，两者都排除了物种，或者两者都具有单独在物种的耐受范围内但组合在其气候生态位之外的值（“相互作用”限制）。每种类型的限制的相对重要性是通过它们与范围收缩和扩展区域的交集来估计的。
结果
在物种间平均，82 ± 3%（± SE）的收缩区域现在被相互作用限制占据，74 ± 5%的扩展区域在历史上被类似的区域占据。相比之下，仅温度或湿度单独作用会排除物种的范围偏移区域仅占9%至17%，并且两个因素都限制的区域可以忽略不计。考虑到这种类型的限制在更广泛的研究区域中的分布，相互作用限制区域的扩张和收缩比预期更经常发生。
主要结论
温度和湿度的特定组合可以直接或间接地相互作用以限制物种范围，即使这些因素单独不超过物种公差。范围限制因素之间的相关性的变化对物种范围的影响与这些因素本身的绝对变化一样大。
Aims
I determine the relative importance of temperature and moisture acting alone and in tandem for range contractions and expansions of mammalian species over c. 70 years.
Location
The contiguous United States west of the eastern border of the Rocky Mountains (103.77° W).
Methods
Museum records of 67 mammalian species from two time periods (1900–39 and 1970–2009), mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation are used to model historic and modern distributions. For each era the region outside each species’ range in the opposing era is assigned to zones of range limitation: temperature alone is prohibitive, moisture alone is prohibitive, both preclude the species, or both have values that alone are within the species’ tolerance range but in combination are outside its climatic niche (‘interaction’ limitation). The relative importance of each type of limitation is estimated by their intersection with regions of range contraction and expansion.
Results
Averaged across species, 82 ± 3% (± SE) of the areas of contraction are now occupied by interaction limitation, and 74 ± 5% of areas expanded into were historically occupied by similar zones. In comparison, areas of range shift in which just temperature or moisture acting alone would have excluded the species comprise between only 9 and 17%, and areas in which both factors are limiting are negligible. Expansions into and contractions from regions of interaction limitation occurred more often than expected by chance given the distribution of this type of limitation in the wider study region.
Main conclusions
Particular combinations of temperature and moisture can interact directly or indirectly to limit species ranges even when these factors alone do not exceed species tolerances. Change in the correlation between of range-limiting factors can have as much effect on species ranges as absolute change in those factors by themselves.