The potential distribution of the Red Kite in Germany
The potential distribution of the Red Kite in Germany
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DOI：
10.1007/s10336-013-0955-2
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发表时间：
2013-10-01
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
Gottschalk, Thomas K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Heuck, Christian;Brandl, Roland;Gottschalk, Thomas K.
中欧有责任保护红鸢Milvus milvus，因为它拥有全球人口的大多数（> 50%）。这就需要对鸟类的生态和分布有全面的了解。目前，对限制红鸢全球发生及其在区域范围内分布的因素知之甚少。在这项研究中，我们分析了土地利用的红鸢繁殖分布在整个德国，该物种的核心分布区，使用分布模型的影响。第一次使用了广泛的数据集进行建模，包括2 625个红鸢繁殖地的样本、高分辨率土地使用数据（10米x10米）以及气候和地形变量。该模型揭示了土地利用模式和红鸢的分布之间的密切关系。此外，预测的栖息地适宜性地图与红鸢的实际分布的比较表明，并非所有合适的栖息地都被该物种占据，因此，该物种的分布似乎与其环境不平衡。实际和预测分布之间的差异可能是由于目前或以前的高死亡率没有得到目前生育率的补偿。此外，低少年分散的红鸢减少了无人居住的补丁的prononisation。
Central Europe has the responsibility to protect the Red Kite Milvus milvus as it holds the majority (> 50 % of all breeding pairs) of the global population. This entails the need for comprehensive knowledge of the birds' ecology and distribution. Currently, only little is known about the factors limiting both the global occurrence of the Red Kite and its distribution on regional scales. In this study we analysed the effect of land use on the breeding distribution of Red Kites throughout Germany, the species' core distribution area, using a distribution model. For the first time, an extensive data set was used for modelling comprising a sample size of 2,625 Red Kite breeding sites, high-resolution land-use data (10 m x 10 m) and climatic as well as topographic variables. The model revealed a strong relationship between land-use patterns and the Red Kite's distribution. Furthermore, a comparison of the predicted habitat suitability map with the actual distribution of Red Kites showed that not all suitable habitats were occupied by the species and thus, the species' distribution seems not to be in equilibrium with its environment. The differences between actual and predicted distribution may stem from present or former high mortality rates which are not compensated for by current reproduction rates. Additionally, low juvenile dispersal of Red Kites reduces recolonisation of unoccupied patches.