Effects of warm and cold climate conditions on capelin (Mallotus villosus) and Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii) in the eastern Bering Sea
Effects of warm and cold climate conditions on capelin (Mallotus villosus) and Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii) in the eastern Bering Sea
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DOI：
10.1016/j.dsr2.2015.10.008
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发表时间：
2016-12-01
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Coyle, Kenneth O.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Andrews, Alexander G., III;Strasburger, Wesley W.;Coyle, Kenneth O.
气候变暖影响了东白令海（EBS）生态系统海冰的南部范围，导致那里的海洋条件和食物网发生了许多变化。我们探讨这些变化如何影响两个关键的饲料鱼类，毛鳞鱼（毛背）和太平洋鲱鱼（鲱），研究气候变化对这一商业上重要的生态系统的EBS的影响。从2003年8月中旬到2011年10月初进行的渔业海洋学调查收集了一系列温暖和寒冷年份期间毛鳞鱼和太平洋鲱鱼的表层拖网、大小和饮食的单位努力渔获量（CPUE）数据。总的来说，白令海东北部的两个物种的平均CPUE [NEBS;毛鳞鱼= 1.2 kg/km（2）（温暖）和40.0 kg/km（2）（寒冷）;鲱鱼=141.1 kg/km（2）（温暖）和132.4 kg/km（2）（寒冷）]相对于白令海东南部[SEBS;毛鳞鱼= 0.2千克/平方公里（温暖）和5.8千克/平方公里（寒冷）;鲱鱼=15.8千克/平方公里（温暖）和24.5千克/平方公里（寒冷）1，无论温度条件如何。毛鳞鱼的平均CPUE在温暖年份显著低于寒冷年份[p < 0.001; 0.6 kg/km（2）（温暖），19.0 kg/km（2）（寒冷）]。太平洋鲱鱼平均CPUE在温暖和寒冷年份之间的变化较小[p < 0.001; 63.8 kg/km（2）（温暖），66.2 kg/km（2）（寒冷）]，但在温暖年份仍然明显低于寒冷年份。毛鳞鱼和鲱鱼的长度在不同的气候时期保持相对稳定。毛鳞鱼的长度相似的海洋领域[104毫米（南内域），112 mm（南中域），107毫米（北内域）和104 mm（中北部域）]，而鲱鱼更大的域进一步离岸[123毫米（南内域）、232毫米（南中域）、260毫米（南外域）、129毫米（北内域）和198毫米（北中域）]。这两个物种的饮食有显着不同的气候时期。在寒冷的年份，大部分地区的饮食中，大型甲壳类动物的猎物所占比例较高。在温暖的年份，0岁的狭鳕（Gadus chalcogrammus）在中部地区南部和北方中部地区的太平洋鲱鱼的饮食中贡献了> 60%和> 30%。在温暖的年份，这些饲料鱼转换为能量较低的猎物可能会对健身和未来的招聘产生影响。在温暖的年份里，EBS中毛鳞鱼的分布和生物量降低的变化可能会导致这个复杂的海洋生态系统中能量途径的中断。爱思唯尔有限公司出版
Climate warming has impacted the southern extent of sea ice in the eastern Bering Sea (EBS) ecosystem, leading to many changes in ocean conditions and food webs there. We explore how these changes have affected two key forage fish species, capelin (Mallotus villosus) and Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii), examining the effects of climate change on this commercially important ecosystem in the EBS. Catch per unit effort (CPUE) data from surface trawls, size, and diet of capelin and Pacific herring were collected during a series of warm and cold years by fisheries oceanographic surveys conducted from mid-August to early October 2003 through 2011. Overall, mean CPUE for both species was higher in the northeastern Bering Sea [NEBS; capelin = 1.2 kg/km(2) (warm) and 40.0 kg/km(2) (cold); herring=141.1 kg/km(2) (warm) and 132.4 kg/km(2) (cold)] relative to the southeastern Bering Sea [SEBS; capelin = 0.2 kg/km(2) (warm) and 5.8 kg/km(2) (cold); herring=15.8 kg/km(2) (warm) and 24.5 kg/km(2) (cold)1, irrespective of temperature conditions. Capelin mean CPUE was significantly lower during warm years than during cold years [p < 0.001; 0.6 kg/km(2) (warm), 19.0 kg/km(2) (cold)]. Pacific herring mean CPUE was less variable between warm and cold years [p < 0.001; 63.8 kg/km(2) (warm), 66.2 kg/km(2) (cold)], but was still significantly less during warm years than cold. Capelin and herring lengths remained relatively constant between climate periods. Capelin lengths were similar among oceanographic domains [104 mm (South Inner domain), 112 mm (South Middle domain), 107 mm (North Inner domain), and 104 mm (North Middle domain)], while herring were larger in domains further offshore [123 mm (South Inner domain), 232 mm (South Middle domain), 260 mm (South Outer domain), 129 mm (North Inner domain), and 198 mm (North Middle domain)]. Diets for both species were significantly different between climate periods. Large crustacean prey comprised a higher proportion of the diets in most regions during cold years. Age-0 walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) contributed > 60% to the diets of Pacific herring in southern Middle Domain and > 30% in the northern Middle domain during warm years. A switch to less energetic prey for these forage fishes during warm years may have implications for fitness and future recruitment. The shifts in the distribution and lower biomass of capelin in the EBS during warm years could lead to disruptions in energy pathways in this complex marine ecosystem. Published by Elsevier Ltd.