Fine structure of olfactory sensilla in myriapods and arachnids
Fine structure of olfactory sensilla in myriapods and arachnids
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多足动物和蛛形纲动物嗅觉感受器的精细结构
DOI：
10.1002/jemt.1070220406
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发表时间：
1992
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
F. Barth
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
H. Tichy;F. Barth
本文综述了各种类型嗅感器的结构特征。（一）.在蜈蚣和千足虫的触角上发现了形状和大小不同的锥形感器。它们的壁显示纵向裂缝或凹槽，要么开放到感器腔或不穿透角质层。在其他这样的感器的外表面是由孔和内表面开槽和口袋穿。这些感受器由1至6个感觉细胞支配。其不分枝的外部树突节延伸到感器的尖端。感觉细胞被两个或三个鞘细胞包围，鞘细胞终止于感器基部或形成围绕外树突节全长的连续管。(2)蜈蚣的颞部器官位于触角的附着点和单眼之间。这些感受器由浅的角质环和中央感觉板组成，中央感觉板由一层未穿孔的角质层或由纤维状角质层形成的内部具有蘑菇状结构的胶囊组成。每个感器由十几个感觉细胞和不分枝的外树突段支配。许多鞘细胞突起平行于外树突节延伸至感觉角质层。(3)触角上有丝状的少足类鞭毛。它们有一个灵活的无穿孔的表皮壁。这些感受器含有9个感觉细胞，周围有几个鞘细胞，这些鞘细胞在外部树突节周围形成连续的细胞质管。(4)单壁感器具有许多穿透表皮壁的堵塞孔，出现在蜱第一腿的跗骨上。每个感器由4-15个感觉细胞支配。三个鞘细胞终止于感器的基部。(5)在蜱的第一个跗骨上发现了带有辐条通道的双壁感器。他们的轴是纵向开槽。孔道从凹槽的底部向内延伸，并通向花瓶状的腔室。这些管道从其基部延伸到感器腔，感器腔包含1-2个感觉细胞的不分支的外部树突节。(6)单壁感器与孔开口发生在鞭蜘蛛的第一腿的远端跗节。这些感受器由40-45个感觉细胞支配。其不分支的外部树突段填充轴腔并部分延伸到壁孔中。表皮壁内表面排列着微绒毛状的鞘细胞突起。(7)跗器位于所有蜘蛛的足和须肢的跗背侧。这些感觉器官由一个表皮囊组成，囊内有一个圆顶状的突起。它位于囊的近端侧壁上，具有7个孔道，包围2-3个感觉细胞的树突尖端，总共有20个感觉细胞。每一组树突终止于一个单独的孔道中，被2个鞘细胞包裹。© 1992 Wiley利斯公司
Structural features of various types of olfactory sensilla are reviewed. (1). Sensilla basiconica which differ in form and size are found on the antennae of centipedes and millipedes. Their walls show longitudinal slits or grooves that either open into the sensillum lumen or do not penetrate the cuticle. In other such sensilla the outer surface is pierced by pores and the inner surface grooved and pocketed. These sensilla are innervated by one to six sensory cells. Their unbranched outer dendritic segments extend to the tip of the sensillum. The sensory cells are surrounded by two or three sheath cells which terminate at the sensillum base or form a continuous tube around the entire length of the outer dendritic segments. (2) Temporal organs of centipides are located between the insertion of the antenna and the ocelli. These sensilla consist of a shallow cuticular ring with a central sensory plate made up by a layer of unperforated cuticle or a capsule with a mushroom‐shaped structure inside formed by fibrous‐looking cuticle. A dozen sensory cells with unbranched outer dendritic segments innervate each sensillum. They extend toward the sensory cuticle and pass just below it. Numerous sheath cell processes run parallel to the outer dendritic segments up to the sensory cuticle. (3) Thread‐like flagella of Pauropoda are found on the antennae. They possess a flexible unperforated cuticular wall. These sensilla contain nine sensory cells surrounded by several sheath cells which form a continuous cytoplasmic tube around the outer dendritic segments. (4) Single‐walled sensilla with numerous plugged pores penetrating the cuticular wall occur on the tarsus of the first leg in ticks. Each sensillum is innervated by 4–15 sensory cells. Three sheath cells terminate in the base of the sensillum. (5) Double‐walled sensilla with spoke canals are found on the first tarsus of ticks. Their shaft is longitudinally grooved. Pore canals lead inward from the bottom of the grooves and open into vase‐shaped chambers. From its base these canals extend into the lumen of the sensillum which contains unbranched outer dendritic segments of 1–2 sensory cells. (6) Single‐walled sensilla with pore openings occur on the distal tarsal segments of the first leg of whip spiders. These sensilla are innervated by 40–45 sensory cells. Their unbranched outer dendritic segments fill the shaft lumen and extend partly into the wall pores. Microvillus‐shaped sheath cell processes line the inner surface of the cuticular wall. (7) Tarsal organs are located dorsally on the tarsus of all legs and pedipalps of spiders. These sensory organs consist of a cuticular capsule with a dome‐shaped projection inside. It is situated on the proximal sidewall of the capsule and possesses 7 pore canals that enclose the dendritic tips of 2–3 sensory cells, giving a total of 20 sensory cells. Each group of dendrites terminating in an individual pore canal is encased by 2 sheath cells. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.