Options for managing the infectious animal and plant disease risks of international trade
Options for managing the infectious animal and plant disease risks of international trade
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管理国际贸易传染性动植物疾病风险的选择
DOI：
10.1007/s12571-015-0523-0
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
C. Perrings
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Perrings
通过国际货物和服务贸易引入的传染性动植物疾病是市场外部性的典型例子。它们造成的潜在危害会影响到从事其出口或进口的人员之外的其他人，并且在做出出口或进口决定时不会被考虑在内。事实证明，利用经济工具将市场外部性内部化可以在经济活动的许多领域产生巨大的效益。通过让决策者面对其造成的预期损害，此类工具迫使决策者考虑其行动的更广泛成本。本文回顾了扩大目前用于管理贸易相关有害生物和病原体风险的工具范围的论点，并评估了在现有监管环境中部署新工具的选项。
Infectious animal and plant diseases introduced through international trade in goods and services are a classic example of market externality. The potential harm they do is visited on people other than those engaged in their export or import, and is not taken into account in reaching export or import decisions. The use of economic instruments to internalize market externalities has been shown to yield substantial benefits in many areas of economic activity. By confronting decision-makers with the expected damage they cause, instruments of this kind have forced decision-makers to take the wider costs of their actions into account. This paper reviews the arguments for extending the range of instruments currently used to manage trade-related pest and pathogen risks, and assesses the options for deploying new instruments in the existing regulatory environment.