Emergent Sources of Prebiotics: Seaweeds and Microalgae.
Emergent Sources of Prebiotics: Seaweeds and Microalgae.
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DOI：
10.3390/md14020027
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发表时间：
2016-01-28
期刊：
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
de Morais RM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
de Jesus Raposo MF;de Morais AM;de Morais RM
近年来，科学家们已经意识到，一般来说，人类微生物群，特别是肠道微生物群，在人类健康和疾病中发挥着重要作用，如肥胖和糖尿病等。关于某些食物、食物成分或生化化合物对宿主或肠道微生物群的有益作用，已经有大量的证据。其中，最有希望的似乎是多糖（PS）或其衍生物，其中包括膳食纤维。其中一些PS可以在海藻和微藻中找到，一些是可溶性纤维，如海藻酸盐、岩藻胶、卡拉胶和外多糖，它们没有被结肠微生物群发酵，至少没有完全发酵。本文综述了膳食纤维的重要性，以及益生元对人体健康的益处。本文讨论了从海洋巨藻和微藻中提取寡糖作为益生元的潜力，并介绍了从巨藻和微藻中提取寡糖的不同技术。一般来说，纤维的好处的机制，藻类纤维的类型和对人类健康的好处是突出。本文介绍了一些最近的研究结果，这些研究表明益生元对藻类生物量的动物模型及其提取物以及低聚糖和多糖的潜在影响。在未来，可以预见到使用益生元来调节微生物组，从而预防某些人类疾病的可能性。
In recent years, scientists have become aware that human microbiota, in general, and gut microbiota, in particular, play a major role in human health and diseases, such as obesity and diabetes, among others. A large number of evidence has come to light regarding the beneficial effects, either for the host or the gut microbiota, of some foods and food ingredients or biochemical compounds. Among these, the most promising seem to be polysaccharides (PS) or their derivatives, and they include the dietary fibers. Some of these PS can be found in seaweeds and microalgae, some being soluble fibers, such as alginates, fucoidans, carrageenans and exopolysaccharides, that are not fermented, at least not completely, by colonic microbiota. This review gives an overview of the importance of the dietary fibers, as well as the benefits of prebiotics, to human health. The potential of the PS from marine macro- and microalgae to act as prebiotics is discussed, and the different techniques to obtain oligosaccharides from PS are presented. The mechanisms of the benefits of fiber, in general, and the types and benefits of algal fibers in human health are highlighted. The findings of some recent studies that present the potential effects of prebiotics on animal models of algal biomass and their extracts, as well as oligo- and polysaccharides, are presented. In the future, the possibility of using prebiotics to modulate the microbiome, and, consequently, prevent certain human diseases is foreseen.