The biology of ergothioneine, an antioxidant nutraceutical.
The biology of ergothioneine, an antioxidant nutraceutical.
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DOI：
10.1017/s0954422419000301
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发表时间：
2020-12
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Kell DB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Borodina I;Kenny LC;McCarthy CM;Paramasivan K;Pretorius E;Roberts TJ;van der Hoek SA;Kell DB
麦角硫因（ERG）是一种不寻常的硫代组氨酸甜菜碱氨基酸，具有强大的抗氧化活性。它是由各种微生物合成的，特别是真菌（包括蘑菇子实体）和放线菌，但不是由植物和动物合成的，它们分别通过土壤和饮食获得它。动物已经进化出一种高度选择性的转运蛋白，在人类中称为溶质载体家族22，成员4（SLC22A4），这表明它的重要性，ERG甚至可能具有维生素的地位。ERG在各种组织中的积累差异，根据它们的表达SLC22A4，有利于那些，如红细胞，可能会受到氧化应激。蘑菇或ERG消费似乎提供了显着的预防氧化应激在各种各样的系统。ERG似乎具有很强的细胞保护作用，在许多慢性炎症性疾病中其浓度降低。它已通过监管机构的安全性，并可能作为一种营养和抗氧化剂更普遍的价值。
Ergothioneine (ERG) is an unusual thio-histidine betaine amino acid that has potent antioxidant activities. It is synthesised by a variety of microbes, especially fungi (including in mushroom fruiting bodies) and actinobacteria, but is not synthesised by plants and animals who acquire it via the soil and their diet, respectively. Animals have evolved a highly selective transporter for it, known as solute carrier family 22, member 4 (SLC22A4) in humans, signifying its importance, and ERG may even have the status of a vitamin. ERG accumulates differentially in various tissues, according to their expression of SLC22A4, favouring those such as erythrocytes that may be subject to oxidative stress. Mushroom or ERG consumption seems to provide significant prevention against oxidative stress in a large variety of systems. ERG seems to have strong cytoprotective status, and its concentration is lowered in a number of chronic inflammatory diseases. It has been passed as safe by regulatory agencies, and may have value as a nutraceutical and antioxidant more generally.