The effects of race, household income, and parental education on nutrient intakes of 9- and 10-year-old girls NHLBI growth and health study
The effects of race, household income, and parental education on nutrient intakes of 9- and 10-year-old girls NHLBI growth and health study
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/1047-2797(95)00033-4
复制
发表时间：
1995-01-01
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Sabry, Z. I.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Crawford, Patricia B.;Obarzanek, Eva;Sabry, Z. I.
2149名黑人和白色，9岁和10岁女孩的营养摄入量因种族，家庭收入和父母教育程度而异。在这三个变量中，高等教育与更理想的营养摄入水平相关性最大，即膳食脂肪的百分比较低，维生素C、钙和钾的水平较高。收入高与维生素C的摄入量高有关，但钙和铁的摄入量低。较高的收入与较低的膳食脂肪百分比有关。在调整收入和教育因素后，种族与钙、维生素C的摄入量相关，在较小程度上与总脂肪和多不饱和脂肪以及钾的卡路里百分比相关。黑人女孩的钙摄入量明显较低（720毫克对889毫克），维生素C摄入量较高（91毫克对83毫克）。还估计了微量营养素和常量营养素摄入不足或过量的队列比例。很大一部分女孩超过了总脂肪30%千卡（黑人女孩90%;白色女孩84%）和饱和脂肪10%千卡（分别为92%和93%）的建议摄入量水平。两个种族的女孩通常钙（40%的黑人女孩和20%的白色女孩）和锌（分别为36%和38%）的摄入量较低。
Nutrient intakes of 2149 black and white, 9- and 10-year-old girls varied by race, household income, and parental education. Of the three variables, higher education was most consistently associated with more desirable levels of nutrient intakes, that is, lower percentage of dietary fat and higher levels of vitamin C, calcium, and potassium. Higher income was related to higher intakes of vitamin C, but lower intakes of calcium and iron. Higher income was associated with lower percentage of dietary fat. After adjustment for income and education, race was associated with intakes of calcium, vitamin C, and to a lesser extent, percentages of kilocalories from total fat and polyunsaturated fat, and potassium. Black girls had a significantly lower intake of calcium (720 versus 889 mg) and a higher intake of vitamin C (91 versus 83 mg). Proportions of the cohort with inadequate or excessive intakes of micronutrients and macronutrients were also estimated. A high proportion of girls exceeded the recommended intake level of 30% of kilocalories from total fat (90% of black girls; 84% of white girls) and 10% of kilocalories from saturated fat (92 and 93%, respectively). Low intakes of calcium (40% of black girls and 20% of white girls) and zinc (36 and 38%, respectively) commonly were found for girls of both races.