Kappa Distributions: Theory and Applications in Space Plasmas
Kappa Distributions: Theory and Applications in Space Plasmas
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DOI：
10.1007/s11207-010-9640-2
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发表时间：
2010-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Lazar, M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pierrard, V.;Lazar, M.
在太阳风中观察到的等离子体粒子速度分布一般表现出增强（非麦克斯韦）超热尾，作为速度的幂律下降，以及由家庭的Kappa分布函数描述。空间等离子体中不同高度存在的非热粒子群表明了它们产生的普遍机制以及与等离子体波动、共振和非共振波粒加速和等离子体加热有关的重要后果。这些影响很好地描述了动力学的方法，没有封闭要求的分布是近麦克斯韦。本文对Kappa分布的各种理论及其在日冕和空间等离子体中的应用进行了总结和分析。
The plasma particle velocity distributions observed in the solar wind generally show enhanced (non-Maxwellian) suprathermal tails, decreasing as a power law of the velocity and well described by the family of Kappa distribution functions. The presence of non-thermal populations at different altitudes in space plasmas suggests a universal mechanism for their creation and important consequences concerning plasma fluctuations, the resonant and nonresonant wave-particle acceleration and plasma heating. These effects are well described by the kinetic approaches where no closure requires the distributions to be nearly Maxwellian. This paper summarizes and analyzes the various theories proposed for the Kappa distributions and their valuable applications in coronal and space plasmas.