Role of Thermodynamics and Membrane Separations in Water‐Energy Nexus
Role of Thermodynamics and Membrane Separations in Water‐Energy Nexus
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热力学和膜分离在水-能源关系中的作用
DOI：
10.1002/9781119536260.ch4
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
A. Roy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Mukherjee;Shubham Lanjewar;Ridhish Kumar;Arijit Chakraborty;A. Abdelrasoul;A. Roy
能量分析是选择可用于所需分离的技术的最重要选择标准。特定技术所需能量的分析取决于各种因素，包括分离规模，因此，实验室规模的能量学与工业操作水平的能量学不同。因此，理解这种现象的最安全的方法是使用热力学，它可以帮助确定在给定操作中可以预期的能量的最大和最小限度。在本节中，详细的热力学分析的各种类型的膜为基础的过程进行了解释。本章从热力学术语的基本理解开始，然后深入研究最常见的基于膜的反渗透（RO）过程，以及从最小分离能量的角度探索脱盐的能量。随后，介绍了正向渗透技术的各种应用。本章最后对压力延迟渗透（PRO）发电进行热力学分析，并了解PRO在大规模上的可行性。
The analysis of energy is the most important selection criteria for the choice of technologies which can be employed for the desired separation. The analysis of energy required for a given technology depends on various factors including the scale of separation, thus, energetics at the laboratory scale differs from that at the industrial level of operations. Hence the safest way to understand such a phenomenon is employing thermodynamics which can help in determining the maximum and minimum limits of energy which can be expected during a given operation. In the present section, a detailed thermodynamic analysis of various types of membrane‐based processes is explained. The chapter begins with the basic understanding of thermodynamic terminologies before delving into the most frequented membrane‐based process of Reverse Osmosis (RO) as well as the energy of desalination is explored from the perspective of minimum energy of separation. Afterward, forward osmosis technology is explained for various applications. The chapter ends with a thermodynamic analysis of Pressure Retarded Osmosis (PRO) for energy generation and understanding the feasibility of PRO at the large scale.