Drivers’ Spatio-Temporal Attentional Distributions Are Influenced by Vehicle Dynamics and Displayed Point of View
Drivers’ Spatio-Temporal Attentional Distributions Are Influenced by Vehicle Dynamics and Displayed Point of View
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DOI：
10.1177/0018720820902879
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发表时间：
2020-02
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Tyler N. Morrison;E. Rizzi;O. A. Turkkan;R. Jagacinski;Haijun Su;Junmin Wang
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文献类型：
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作者：
Tyler N. Morrison;E. Rizzi;O. A. Turkkan;R. Jagacinski;Haijun Su;Junmin Wang
目的通过测量驾驶员对预瞄的注意力以及速度和加速度跟踪误差，评价二维和三维显示器对弯道跟踪的效果。背景显示扰动技术和转向运动的傅立叶分析可用于推断驾驶员对预览的注意力的时空分布。跟踪误差时间历程的傅立叶分析提供了位置、速度和加速度误差的测量。方法参与者跟踪一个蜿蜒的道路与1秒的预览在低保真驾驶模拟。位置和速率辅助车辆动力学与自上而下和挡风玻璃显示的道路配对。结果对于两种车辆动力学，挡风玻璃显示器的跟踪更平滑。这种显示强调更近的预览位置，并有一个更密切的对应关系，控制理论的最佳注意力分配这些任务比自上而下的显示。这种对应被解释为刺激-反应相容性的一种形式。的位置误差和注意力的信噪比没有不同的两个显示器与位置控制，但更复杂的速率辅助控制更高的位置误差和更低的注意力的信噪比发生与自上而下的显示。结论显示驱动对注意力分布的影响与控制理论中的最优注意力分布相似时，可能有助于预览跟踪。应用显示扰动技术可用于评估空间分布的注意力，以评估驾驶环境中的显示和次要任务。这种方法可以补充眼动测量，以确定什么信息是指导司机的行动。
Objective The aim of this study is to measure drivers’ attention to preview and their velocity and acceleration tracking error to evaluate two- and three-dimensional displays for following a winding roadway. Background Display perturbation techniques and Fourier analysis of steering movements can be used to infer drivers’ spatio-temporal distribution of attention to preview. Fourier analysis of tracking error time histories provides measures of position, velocity, and acceleration error. Method Participants tracked a winding roadway with 1 s of preview in low-fidelity driving simulations. Position and rate-aided vehicle dynamics were paired with top-down and windshield displays of the roadway. Results For both vehicle dynamics, tracking was smoother with the windshield display. This display emphasizes nearer preview positions and has a closer correspondence to the control-theoretic optimal attentional distributions for these tasks than the top-down display. This correspondence is interpreted as a form of stimulus–response compatibility. The position error and attentional signal-to-noise ratios did not differ between the two displays with position control, but with more complex rate-aided control much higher position error and much lower attentional signal-to-noise ratios occurred with the top-down display. Conclusion Display-driven influences on the distribution of attention may facilitate tracking with preview when they are similar to optimal attentional distributions derived from control theory. Application Display perturbation techniques can be used to assess spatially distributed attention to evaluate displays and secondary tasks in the context of driving. This methodology can supplement eye movement measurements to determine what information is guiding drivers’ actions.