Theoretical foundations for a total energy-based perspective flight-path display
Theoretical foundations for a total energy-based perspective flight-path display
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DOI：
10.1207/s15327108ijap1503_1
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发表时间：
2005-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Flach, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Amelink, MHJ;Mulder, M;Flach, J
人工控制飞行最困难的方面之一是对飞机速度和高度的控制之间的耦合。这些状态不能通过飞机控制装置、电梯和油门相互独立地改变。相反，为了有效地改变飞机的速度和高度，必须协调控制。协调控制的中介机制是对飞机能量状态的管理。本文表明，抽象层次(AH；Rasmussen，1986)框架可以有效地用来更深入地了解飞机能源管理问题的基本结构。推导出的AH表示是基于对控制任务的能量约束的分析。它揭示了将飞机的物理控制与速度和高度目标联系起来所需的抽象程度，以及飞机能量如何成为控制问题的关键中介状态。能源意识可以通过提供明确的能源管理信息来提高。本文介绍了总能量参考剖面和能量角这两个强大而新颖的概念，并将其应用于透视航迹显示。由此产生的显示屏呈现与天空隧道显示屏完全集成的能源管理信息，并显示5个新的重要能源提示，直观地将控制和目标联系在一起。
One of the most difficult aspects of manually controlled flight is the coupling between the control over the aircraft speed and altitude. These states cannot be changed independent of each other through the aircraft control devices, the elevator and the throttle. Rather, to effectively change an aircraft's speed and altitude, the controls have to be coordinated. The mediating mechanism that underlies the coordination of the controls is the management of the aircraft's energy state. This article shows that the abstraction hierarchy (AH; Rasmussen, 1986) framework can be effectively used to gain more insight into the underlying structure of the aircraft energy management problem. The derived AH representation is based on the analysis of the energy constraints on the control task. It reveals the levels of abstraction necessary to link the aircraft's physical controls to the speed and altitude goals and also how the aircraft energy is a critical mediating state of the control problem. Energy awareness can be increased by presenting explicit energy management information. The powerful and novel concepts of the total energy reference profile and energy angle are introduced in this article and applied in the context of a perspective flight-path display. The resulting display presents energy management information fully integrated with the tunnel-in-the-sky display and reveals 5 new and important energy cues, intuitively linking the controls and the goals.