High Availability in Cyber-physical Systems by Self-determined Virtual Machine Replication
High Availability in Cyber-physical Systems by Self-determined Virtual Machine Replication
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DOI：
10.1109/sies.2018.8442105
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发表时间：
2018-06
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
B. Jablkowski;Michael Mueller;O. Spinczyk
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文献类型：
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作者：
B. Jablkowski;Michael Mueller;O. Spinczyk
目前通过虚拟机复制实现高可用性的方法要么依赖于与投票机制相结合的并行VM执行，要么周期性地将状态修改传输到非活动的备份VM。虽然冗余执行在CPU负载方面是昂贵的，但定期检查点会导致更高的网络负载，受保护的VM的响应时间会增加并获得更大的抖动。在具有资源限制和实时要求的领域，如网络物理系统，这两种选择都是不可接受的。在这项工作中，我们提出了一种用于高可用性解决方案的“自主”的虚拟机复制模型，该模型以透明度为代价避免了这两种已建立技术的缺陷。我们认为，对于一些新兴的应用领域，例如网络物理系统，我们的模型更适合。结果表明，与定期复制相比，自主复制的高可用性可以将响应延迟减少一个数量级。尤其是当与作为来宾操作系统的轻量级单一内核结合使用时，即使对于资源受限的网络物理系统，高可用性的开销也是可以接受的。
Present approaches to high availability via virtual machine replication either rely on parallel VM-execution combined with a voting mechanism or periodically transfer state modifications to an inactive backup VM. While redundant execution is expensive in terms of CPU load, periodic checkpointing leads to higher network load and the response times of protected VMs increase and get more jitter. Both alternatives are unacceptable in domains with resource constraints and realtime requirements such as cyber-physical systems. In this work we present a “self-determined” virtual machine replication model for high availability solutions that avoids the drawbacks of both established techniques at the cost of transparency. We argue that for some emerging application domains, such as cyber-physical systems, our model is more suitable. Results show that high availability via self-determined replication can reduce response latencies by an order of magnitude when compared with its periodic counterpart. Especially when used in combination with a lightweight unikernel as guest OS, the overhead of high availability becomes acceptable, even for resource-constrained cyber-physical systems.