A mechanistic and empirically supported lightning risk model for forest trees
A mechanistic and empirically supported lightning risk model for forest trees
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DOI：
10.1111/1365-2745.13404
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发表时间：
2020-05-20
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Yanoviak, Stephen P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gora, Evan M.;Muller-Landau, Helene C.;Yanoviak, Stephen P.
雷电造成的树木死亡影响热带森林碳循环和树木群落动态。然而，人们对森林中树木遭受雷电破坏的分布仍然知之甚少。我们根据树木的大小、树冠暴露和当地森林结构建立了预测树木直接和次生雷击损害的模型。我们使用雷击地点的数据和雷击区树木受损的普查数据，结合基于无人机的树冠地图和巴拿马巴罗科罗拉多岛50公顷森林动态地块内所有树木的普查数据，对这些模型进行了参数化。直接击中树木的可能性随着暴露的树冠面积和相对树冠位置的增加而增加（紧急>树冠>>>亚树冠），而二次闪电伤害的可能性随着树木直径和邻近树木的接近而增加。在该成熟森林中，平均直径较大的树种的雷害预测频率更高。这些模式表明，闪电通过非随机破坏大树来影响森林结构和全球碳收支。此外，这些模型为研究热带森林雷电干扰的生态和进化后果提供了一个框架。研究结果表明，雷击灾害的分布在大的空间颗粒上是随机的，在小的空间颗粒上是相对确定的(
Tree death due to lightning influences tropical forest carbon cycling and tree community dynamics. However, the distribution of lightning damage among trees in forests remains poorly understood.We developed models to predict direct and secondary lightning damage to trees based on tree size, crown exposure and local forest structure. We parameterized these models using data on the locations of lightning strikes and censuses of tree damage in strike zones, combined with drone-based maps of tree crowns and censuses of all trees within a 50-ha forest dynamics plot on Barro Colorado Island, Panama.The likelihood of a direct strike to a tree increased with larger exposed crown area and higher relative canopy position (emergent > canopy >>> subcanopy), whereas the likelihood of secondary lightning damage increased with tree diameter and proximity to neighbouring trees. The predicted frequency of lightning damage in this mature forest was greater for tree species with larger average diameters.These patterns suggest that lightning influences forest structure and the global carbon budget by non-randomly damaging large trees. Moreover, these models provide a framework for investigating the ecological and evolutionary consequences of lightning disturbance in tropical forests.Synthesis. Our findings indicate that the distribution of lightning damage is stochastic at large spatial grain and relatively deterministic at smaller spatial grain (