QUANTITATIVE GENETIC-ANALYSIS OF MULTIVARIATE EVOLUTION, APPLIED TO BRAIN - BODY SIZE ALLOMETRY
QUANTITATIVE GENETIC-ANALYSIS OF MULTIVARIATE EVOLUTION, APPLIED TO BRAIN - BODY SIZE ALLOMETRY
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1558-5646.1979.tb04694.x
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发表时间：
1979-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
LANDE, R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
LANDE, R
相关性状自然选择的一个基本原理被表达为种群中平均表型向量的适应地形。在种群内表型和遗传协变模式的一些简单条件下，仅对体型的选择、某些类型的多元选择和随机遗传中的随机遗传漂变都有望产生异速生长进化，即，直线或对数坐标上的线性回归。这些线的方向是由人口的遗传参数。系统发育或比较信息可以与种群遗传参数的实验数据相结合，以检验关于过去选择力的假设。对小鼠脑和体重的选择实验的数据支持以下结论：在非常接近的哺乳动物形式中，脑和身体大小的短期分化要么是主要针对身体大小的定向选择造成的，脑大小的变化主要是遗传相关的反应，要么是随机遗传漂变造成的;在大多数哺乳动物目的长期异速生长多样化过程中，对大脑大小的净方向选择多于对身体大小的净方向选择。灵长类动物的脑化降低了种群内大脑大小和身体大小之间的遗传相关性，这通过避免对大脑和身体大小的拮抗选择而促进了人类谱系的进一步脑化。讨论了脑的进化：身体的个体发生。
A basic principle of natural selection on correlated characters is expressed as an adaptive topography for the vector of mean phenotypes in a population. Under some simple conditions on the pattern of phenotypic and genetic covariation within populations, selection only on body size, certain types of multivariate selection and random genetic drift in a stochastic phylogeny are each expected to produce allometric evolution, i.e., straight lines or linear regressions on logarithmic coordinates. The orientation of these lines is determined by genetic parameters of the populations. Phylogenetic or comparative information can be combined with experimental data on population genetic parameters to test hypotheses about past selective forces. Data from selection experiments on brain and body weight in mice support the conclusions that the short-term differentiation of brain and body sizes in very closely related mammalian forms resulted either from directional selection mostly on body size with changes in brain sizes largely a genetically correlated response, or from random genetic drift; during the long-term allometric diversification within most mammalian orders there has been more net directional selection on brain sizes than on body size. Encephalization in primates decreased the genetic correlation between brain size and body size within populations, which facilitated further encephalization in the human lineage by avoiding antagonistic selection on brain and body sizes. The evolution of brain:body ontogeny is discussed.