Chemical tick control practices in southwestern and northwestern Uganda
Chemical tick control practices in southwestern and northwestern Uganda
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.03.009
复制
发表时间：
2018-05-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Suzuki, Hiroshi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Vudriko, Patrick;Okwee-Acai, James;Suzuki, Hiroshi
蜱螨剂失效是乌干达养牛业面临的主要挑战之一。为了了解杀螨剂失败的可能驱动因素，本研究描述了乌干达西南部（Mbarara，Mitooma和鲁昆吉里区）和西北部（Adjumani区）地区目前的化学蜱虫控制实践。共有85个农场参加了一项调查，利用半结构式问卷。此外，收集蜱虫以确定农场中最常见的物种。蜱螨剂失效主要发生在95%（60/63）的农场在围场（围栏）系统下饲养外来牛（奶牛杂交品种）的地区。在西北地区，当地的牛在公共放牧区饲养。所有农场均使用化学杀螨剂控制蜱虫，主要是脒（双甲脒）（48%，41/85）和联合配制的有机磷酸酯和拟除虫菊酯（38%，32/85）。喷雾法是最常见的杀螨剂施用技术（91%，77/85），牛压（81%，69/85）是物理约束的常用手段。所遇到的不太理想的蜱虫控制实践包括使用不合格的喷雾设备、不适当的稀释、邻近农场的动物之间频繁的相互作用，尽管缺乏同步的化学蜱虫控制和杀螨剂轮换中的不当行为。只有无翅扇头蜱Rhipicephalus apapaculatus和扇头蜱R.在西南部地区发现了脱色牛蜱，其中51%（32/63）的农民使用高于制造商建议的高杀螨剂浓度。西北地区的农民每头牛使用的杀螨剂量是西南地区的2.2倍，遇到了更多样化的蜱虫物种。分别有13%（11/85）和32%（27/85）的调查对象报告了杀螨剂对牛和工人的毒性作用。报告的所有27例人类杀螨剂毒性病例均来自西南地区。总的来说，我们的研究结果可以为更谨慎的化学蜱控制和安全的杀螨剂处理策略提供信息，以利于动物福利，食品安全和公共卫生。
Tick acaricide failure is one of the leading challenges to cattle production in Uganda. To gain an understanding into the possible drivers of acaricide failure, this study characterized the current chemical tick control practices in the southwestern (Mbarara, Mitooma and Rukungiri districts) and northwestern (Adjumani district) regions of Uganda. A total of 85 farms participated in a survey that utilized a semi-structured questionnaire. Moreover, ticks were collected to determine the most common species on the farms. Tick acaricide failure was mainly encountered in the districts where 95% (60/63) of the farms reared exotic cattle (dairy cross-breeds) under a paddocking (fenced) system. In the northwestern region, local cattle were reared in communal grazing areas. All farms used chemical acaricides for tick control, predominantly amidine (amitraz) (48%, 41/85) and co-formulated organophosphates and pyrethroids (38%, 32/85). The spraying method was the most common (91%, 77/85) acaricide application technique, with cattle crush (81%, 69/85) as a common means of physical restraint. Less than optimal tick control practices encountered included use of substandard equipment for spraying, inappropriate dilutions, frequent interaction between animals in neighboring farms despite lack of synchronized chemical tick control and malpractices in acaricide rotation. Only Rhipicephalus appendiculatus and R. (Boophilus) decoloratus ticks were found in the southwestern region, where 51% (32/63) of the farmers used high acaricide concentrations above the manufacturers' recommendation. Farmers in the northwestern region used 2.2 times less acaricide volume per cattle than those in the southwestern region, and more diverse tick species were encountered. Toxic effects of acaricide to cattle and workers were reported by 13% (11/85) and 32% (27/85) of the respondents, respectively. All 27 cases of human acaricide toxicity reported were from the southwestern region. Overall, our findings may inform strategies for more prudent chemical tick control and safe acaricide handling to benefit animal welfare, food safety and public health.