Implication of the endogenous opioid system in excessive ethanol consumption
Implication of the endogenous opioid system in excessive ethanol consumption
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/0741-8329(95)02035-7
复制
发表时间：
1996-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Thavundayil, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gianoulakis, C;DeWaele, JP;Thavundayil, J
许多人类和动物研究表明，某些遗传因素可能会增加个体对过量饮酒的脆弱性。人类和动物研究表明，乙醇的一些强化作用可能是由内源性阿片系统介导的。在人类研究中，遗传上具有过量饮酒高风险的受试者的血浆水平显示出较低的β-内啡肽基础活性，以及响应于乙醇的更明显的β-内啡肽释放。在动物研究中，与对照组小鼠相比，为乙醇偏好而饲养的小鼠下丘脑显示出高的β-内啡肽基础活性，以及对乙醇反应的更明显的β-内啡肽释放。过量乙醇消耗发展的一个重要因素是个体开始饮用乙醇后不久阿片活性的增加。增加阿片活性可以介导乙醇的奖励作用，加强饮酒行为，增加乙醇消耗。人类和动物研究支持了这一假设，在这些研究中，阿片类药物拮抗剂纳洛酮和纳曲酮的给药减少了乙醇偏好动物和康复酗酒者的乙醇消耗量。
Numerous human and animal studies suggest that certain genetic factors may increase an individual's vulnerability to excessive alcohol consumption. Human and animal studies suggest that some of the reinforcing effects of ethanol may be mediated by the endogenous opioid system. In human studies, plasma levels of subjects genetically at high risk for excessive alcohol consumption showed lower basal activity of beta-endorphin, and more pronounced release of beta-endorphin in response to ethanol. In animal studies, the hypothalamus of mice bred for ethanol preference showed high basal activity of beta-endorphin and more pronounced release of beta-endorphin in response to ethanol than control mice. An important factor in the development of excessive ethanol consumption is the increase in opioidergic activity shortly after individuals begin drinking ethanol. Increased opioidergic activity could mediate the rewarding effects of ethanol, reinforce the act of drinking, and increase ethanol consumption. Human and animal studies, in which the administration of the opioid antagonists naloxone and naltrexone decreased ethanol consumption both by ethanol-preferring animals and by recovering alcoholics, support this hypothesis.